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A utilização de modelos teóricos, da mecânica estrutural e computacional, aplicados à análise de problemas em biomecânica, possibilita a tomada de decisões no projeto de parafusos em implantes dentários. Muitos dos estudos em implantes dentários, envolvem situações, nas quais a avaliação por testes experimentais é de difícil realização, assim como a aplicação através de soluções analíticas tradicionais. Por outro lado, o avanço da informática proporcionou a utilização de modelos computacionais e a implementação de métodos numéricos, como o Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). Através do MEF, é possível analisar diferentes situações, desde problemas, envolvendo geometrias complexas, diferentes materiais, condições de fronteira, traduzindo-se assim, num método importante para a avaliação no projeto de parafusos dentários. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar diferentes modelos de parafusos, abordando vários tipos de materiais e geometria distinta de parafusos, parâmetros estes relevantes para o dimensionamento de implantes. As propriedades do osso, onde o implante será inserido, também foi alvo de estudo, por se tratar do material de interface ao bom funcionamento de um implante. No presente estudo, através da análise do perfil de dois tipos de roscas (quadrada e triangular), dois diâmetros diferentes (4 e 6 mm) assim como diferentes materiais (osso cortical, osso trabecular e implante em Titânio ou Zircónia), foi possível obter conclusões sobre o estímulo mecânico que o tipo de parafuso transmite ao osso, temática fundamental da presente dissertação. Após a obtenção de resultados e analise dos diferentes parâmetros, foi possível concluir que são vários os fatores que influenciam a vida útil de um implante dentário: a geometria do parafuso e o seu material, assim como o material do implante e do osso. De uma forma geral, e considerando todos os parâmetros analisados, o implante de diâmetro 4 mm, com geometria triangular e material em Zircónia apresenta o melhor desempenho.
The use of theoretical models applied to the analysis of problems in biomechanics, structural and computational mechanics, enables any decision in the design of dental implants and screws. Many of the studies on dental implants involve situations in which the evaluation by experimental tests is a challenge to perform, as well as the application through traditional analytical solutions. On the other hand, the development of information technology provides the use of computational models and the implementation of numerical methods, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM). Through the FEM, it is possible to analyze different situations, from problems involving complex geometries, different materials and boundary conditions, as an important evaluation method in the design of dental screws. The main goal of this work is to study different screws model, considering different types of materials and different screw geometries that are relevant parameters for implant design. The bone properties, where the implant will be inserted, were also studied, as an interface material for the proper functionality of the implant. The present study analyzes the profile of two types of threads (square and triangular), two different diameters (4 and 6 mm), as well as different materials (cortical bone, trabecular bone, and Titanium or Zirconia implant), it was possible to obtain conclusions about the mechanical stimulus that the type of screw transmits to the bone, essential subject of this thesis. After obtaining results and analyzing the different parameters, it was possible to conclude that several factors influence the useful life of a dental implant: the geometry of the screw and its material, as well as the implant and bone material. In general and considering all the analyzed parameters, the implant with a diameter of 4 mm, triangular geometry, and Zirconia material presents the best performance.
The use of theoretical models applied to the analysis of problems in biomechanics, structural and computational mechanics, enables any decision in the design of dental implants and screws. Many of the studies on dental implants involve situations in which the evaluation by experimental tests is a challenge to perform, as well as the application through traditional analytical solutions. On the other hand, the development of information technology provides the use of computational models and the implementation of numerical methods, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM). Through the FEM, it is possible to analyze different situations, from problems involving complex geometries, different materials and boundary conditions, as an important evaluation method in the design of dental screws. The main goal of this work is to study different screws model, considering different types of materials and different screw geometries that are relevant parameters for implant design. The bone properties, where the implant will be inserted, were also studied, as an interface material for the proper functionality of the implant. The present study analyzes the profile of two types of threads (square and triangular), two different diameters (4 and 6 mm), as well as different materials (cortical bone, trabecular bone, and Titanium or Zirconia implant), it was possible to obtain conclusions about the mechanical stimulus that the type of screw transmits to the bone, essential subject of this thesis. After obtaining results and analyzing the different parameters, it was possible to conclude that several factors influence the useful life of a dental implant: the geometry of the screw and its material, as well as the implant and bone material. In general and considering all the analyzed parameters, the implant with a diameter of 4 mm, triangular geometry, and Zirconia material presents the best performance.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parafuso Implante Dentário Tensão Método dos Elementos Finitos Screw Dental implant Stress Finite element method