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Abstract(s)
Perante o sucessivo crescimento do consumo de energia elétrica é necessária a ampliação do sistema de geração, transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica mundial. Em função do maior número de linhas de fornecimento, a possibilidade da interrupção torna-se cada vez maior, o que faz com que as companhias de energia elétrica adotem medidas para reduzir estas inconveniências. Um dos fatores que contribuem para a interrupção no fornecimento de energia elétrica é a falha no isolamento das linhas de transmissão, que pode ser causada pela diminuição da hidrofobicidade nos isoladores elétricos.
Anualmente surgem inúmeros casos de rotura da cadeia de isoladores cerâmicos de que resultam incidentes de máxima gravidade, que se prendem muitas vezes com o nível de poluição dos locais e à goticulação de água na superfície da cadeia de isoladores, permitindo o fácil contornamento da cadeia de isoladores, o que leva a efeitos indesejados nas instalações de utilização da energia elétrica. No âmbito desta dissertação é feito um estudo experimental aplicando uma tinta de silicone sobre a superfície do isolador para este poder vir a ter maior rigidez dielétrica e ser mais resistente ao desgaste dos agentes atmosféricos.
Na dissertação é analisado o comportamento dielétrico de isoladores sob chuva, sendo feita uma comparação do comportamento dielétrico de um isolador cerâmico do mesmo tipo com e sem o revestimento de silicone. É também elaborado um estudo aprofundado sobre os fatores que contribuem para um melhoramento do comportamento dielétrico dos isoladores.
Tendo em conta estudos e artigos da revisão bibliográfica efetuada, procede-se a estudos experimentais (em laboratório) de acordo com as especificações técnicas do produto e das normas de ensaio, que envolvem a realização de ensaios em laboratório à frequência industrial, por forma a comparar a rigidez dielétrica entre isoladores uns face aos outros.
São simulados cenários e efetuada uma análise comportamental face ao agente atmosférico chuva, abordando também situações ocorrentes em operação das linhas eléctricas.
With the successive growing of the consumption of electric energy, it is necessary expand the system for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy worldwide. Due to the greater number of supply lines, the possibility of the interruption becomes more susceptible to fail. The electric power companies have adopted measures to reduce these inconveniences. One of the factors that contribute to the interruption in the electric power supply is the failure in the electric insulation of the transmission lines, which can be caused by the decrease of the hydrophobicity. Annually there are numerous cases of breakage of the chain of ceramic insulators in which result incidents of maximum severity that are often linked to the high level of local pollution and the water droplet on the surface of the chain of insulators allowing the easy contouring the insulators, which leads to undesirable effects. In this context, na experimental study is done applying a silicone paint on the surface of the insulator in order to be able to have greater dielectric strength and to be more resistant to the atmospheric agents. In this dissertation, the dielectric behaviour of rain insulators is analysed, comparing the dielectric behavior of a ceramic insulator of the same type with and without the silicone coating. An in-depth study on the factors that contribute to an improvement in the dielectric behaviour of the insulators is also elaborated. In the light of the studies and articles bibliographic, experimental studies (in the laboratory) are carried out in accordance with the technical specifications of the product and the test standards involving laboratory tests at industrial frequencies in order to compare the dielectric strength between Insulators against each other. Scenarios are simulated and a behavior analysis is performed in relation to atmospheric agent, rain, also addressing situations that occur in the operation of the power lines.
With the successive growing of the consumption of electric energy, it is necessary expand the system for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy worldwide. Due to the greater number of supply lines, the possibility of the interruption becomes more susceptible to fail. The electric power companies have adopted measures to reduce these inconveniences. One of the factors that contribute to the interruption in the electric power supply is the failure in the electric insulation of the transmission lines, which can be caused by the decrease of the hydrophobicity. Annually there are numerous cases of breakage of the chain of ceramic insulators in which result incidents of maximum severity that are often linked to the high level of local pollution and the water droplet on the surface of the chain of insulators allowing the easy contouring the insulators, which leads to undesirable effects. In this context, na experimental study is done applying a silicone paint on the surface of the insulator in order to be able to have greater dielectric strength and to be more resistant to the atmospheric agents. In this dissertation, the dielectric behaviour of rain insulators is analysed, comparing the dielectric behavior of a ceramic insulator of the same type with and without the silicone coating. An in-depth study on the factors that contribute to an improvement in the dielectric behaviour of the insulators is also elaborated. In the light of the studies and articles bibliographic, experimental studies (in the laboratory) are carried out in accordance with the technical specifications of the product and the test standards involving laboratory tests at industrial frequencies in order to compare the dielectric strength between Insulators against each other. Scenarios are simulated and a behavior analysis is performed in relation to atmospheric agent, rain, also addressing situations that occur in the operation of the power lines.
Description
Keywords
Comportamento Dielétrico Isoladores Elétricos Ensaios à Frequência Industrial Efeito Disruptivo Dielectric Behaviour Electrical Insulators Industrial Frequency Tests Disruptive Effect