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Abstract(s)
Com o desenvolvimento da óleo-hidráulica e dos sistemas automatizados, a aplicação de equipamentos convencionais de elevação como guindastes ou alavancas hidráulicas tornam-se cada vez menos práticos. O seu uso acarreta um grande consumo de recursos, tanto para a instalação como para o transporte. No levantamento de obras de grande relevo, tais como pontes, vias, fundações de edifícios, entre outros, estes mecanismos não oferecem as condições adequadas de monitorização e/ou de precisão de movimento para o efeito. Desta necessidade, nasceu o projeto de desenvolvimento de um Sistema Sincronizado de Elevação de Oito Pontos. Este consiste numa unidade hidráulica que aciona até oito cilindros com capacidade de carga de alta tonelagem. Este dispositivo permite a subida, descida e paragem dos atuadores, com escolha entre movimento individual ou sincronizado. O seu sistema de controlo, efetua a monitorização em tempo real da pressão e do curso de cada cilindro, realizando correções de posição de forma automática, compensando eventuais quedas de pressão e variações de caudal. Esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de construção do equipamento, com a seleção dos seus respetivos constituintes e desenho de componentes personalizados para este propósito, sendo estes o depósito e o bloco hidráulico. Adicionalmente, foi também elaborada a programação do PLC e da interface HMI, em conjunto com o seu manual de funcionamento. A solução desenvolvida possibilita movimentos síncronos com toleranciamento até 0,5 mm, estando apta para operar oito cilindros com 300 mm de curso e 200 ton de capacidade, nas condições nominais. O custo estimado para a construção deste sistema é de 70000 €
With the development of oil hydraulics and automated systems, application of conventional lifting equipment’s as cranes or hydraulic levers become less and less practical. Its use carries a big consumption of resources, as much for installation as transportation. In lifting constructions of great matter, such as bridges, highways, house foundations, among others, these mechanisms do not offer the required conditions for monitorization and movement precision for the task. Out of this necessity, was born the development project of a Synchronized Lifting System of Eight Points. This consists of a hydraulic unit that drives up to eight cylinders with high tonnage capacity. This device allows the raise, descent, and stoppage of the actuators, with choice between individual or synchronized movement. Its control system performs a real time monitorization of pressure and stroke of each cylinder, making automatic position corrections, compensating the eventual pressure drops and flow oscillations. This thesis presents an equipment construction proposition, with the selection of its respective elements and design of personalized components for this matter, namely the tank and the monoblock. In addition, it was also elaborated the programming of the PLC and the HMI interface, in conjunction with its operating manual. The developed solution allows synchronized movements with tolerances up to 0,5 mm, being able to operate eight cylinders with 300 mm of stroke and 200 tons of capacity, on nominal conditions. The estimated cost for the construction of this system is 70000 €.
With the development of oil hydraulics and automated systems, application of conventional lifting equipment’s as cranes or hydraulic levers become less and less practical. Its use carries a big consumption of resources, as much for installation as transportation. In lifting constructions of great matter, such as bridges, highways, house foundations, among others, these mechanisms do not offer the required conditions for monitorization and movement precision for the task. Out of this necessity, was born the development project of a Synchronized Lifting System of Eight Points. This consists of a hydraulic unit that drives up to eight cylinders with high tonnage capacity. This device allows the raise, descent, and stoppage of the actuators, with choice between individual or synchronized movement. Its control system performs a real time monitorization of pressure and stroke of each cylinder, making automatic position corrections, compensating the eventual pressure drops and flow oscillations. This thesis presents an equipment construction proposition, with the selection of its respective elements and design of personalized components for this matter, namely the tank and the monoblock. In addition, it was also elaborated the programming of the PLC and the HMI interface, in conjunction with its operating manual. The developed solution allows synchronized movements with tolerances up to 0,5 mm, being able to operate eight cylinders with 300 mm of stroke and 200 tons of capacity, on nominal conditions. The estimated cost for the construction of this system is 70000 €.
Description
Keywords
Sistema de elevação Sincronização de cilindros Óleo-hidráulica Automação Controlo de posição Lifting system Cylinder synchronization Oil hydraulics Automation Position Control