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Abstract(s)
Os recentes avanços tecnológicos têm provocado um aumento significativo no consumo de energia no setor residencial, sobrecarregando a rede elétrica, especialmente durante períodos de pico e congestionamento. Para enfrentar este inevitável problema, tem surgido um investimento crescente na aplicação de programas de Demand Response (DR). Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar como a flexibilidade de cargas pelos
consumidores, atuando como prosumers, pode ajudar a reduzir picos de carga, melhorar a estabilidade da rede ao reduzir flutuações de tensão e diminuir os custos totais de energia para os participantes nos programas de Demand Response. Foram realizados dois casos de estudo com agregadores que funcionam como intermediários entre múltiplos consumidores permitindo uma gestão mais eficaz do consumo de energia.
Utilizando uma aplicação computacional baseada em algoritmos genéticos, os agregadores otimizaram a transferência de cargas em cenários com e sem produção de energia solar por painéis fotovoltaicos, eliminando problemas de tensão anteriormente presentes na rede. Além disso, ao realizar uma análise económica com tarifas bi-horárias e considerando um benefício de 0,05€/kWh pela participação no programa de DR, foi possível verificar uma redução significativa nos custos totais de energia, resultando numa poupança nos custos operacionais dos equipamentos durante a duração do evento de DR. Os resultados mostram que a aplicação de programas de Demand Response, através do método de transferência de carga, não só ajudou a reduzir os custos das faturas elétricas dos participantes, como também solucionou problemas de tensão na rede. Nos dois agregadores em estudo, observou-se uma redução de 49,82% nos custos, para os consumidores do agregador 2 e de 51,77% no agregador 4. Para os mesmos consumidores a atuar como
prosumers, as poupanças foram de 53,50% e 54,75%, respetivamente. As conclusões sugerem que, apesar das barreiras, como a falta de consciencialização e as questões legislativas em diferentes países, é importante reconhecer que estes programas têm potencial para se tornarem um forte aliado na integração das fontes renováveis de energia na rede elétrica. A consciencialização e educação dos consumidores sobre os benefícios dos programas de DR são essenciais, assim como a criação de políticas e regulamentações que
incentivem a sua adoção. Além disso, os programas de DR são essenciais para limitar o crescimento dos picos de consumo, prevenindo prejuízos e instabilidade na rede de distribuição elétrica. Com a implementação adequada, os programas de DR podem proporcionar uma gestão mais eficiente do consumo de energia, promover a sustentabilidade e aumentar a resiliência da rede elétrica.
Recent technological advancements have led to a significant increase in energy consumption in the residential sector, overloading the electrical grid, especially during peak periods and times of congestion. To address this inevitable issue, there has been growing investment in the implementation of Demand Response (DR) programs. This study aims to demonstrate how load flexibility by consumers, acting as prosumers, can help reduce load peaks, improve grid stability, and lower the total energy costs for participants in Demand Response programs. Two case studies were conducted with aggregators that act as intermediaries between multiple consumers, allowing for more effective energy consumption management. Using a computational application based on genetic algorithms, the aggregators optimized load shifting in scenarios with and without solar energy production from photovoltaic panels, eliminating previously existing voltage issues on the grid. Additionally, an economic analysis using time-of-use tariffs and considering a benefit of 0,05€/kWh for participating in the DR program revealed a significant reduction in total energy costs, resulting in savings in operational costs of equipment during the DR event. The results show that the application of Demand Response programs, through the load shifting method, not only helped reduce participants electricity bills but also solved voltage issues on the grid. In the two aggregators studied, a cost reduction of 49,82% was observed for the consumers of aggregator 2 and 51,77% for aggregator 4. For the same consumers acting as prosumers, the savings were 53,50% and 54,75%, respectively. The conclusions suggest that despite barriers such as lack of awareness and legislative issues in different countries, it is important to recognize that these programs have the potential to become a strong ally in the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. Consumer awareness and education about the benefits of DR programs are essential, as is the creation of policies and regulations that encourage their adoption. Moreover, DR programs are essential to limiting the growth of consumption peaks, preventing damage and instability in the distribution grid. With proper implementation, DR programs can provide more efficient energy consumption management, promote sustainability, and increase the resilience of the electrical grid.
Recent technological advancements have led to a significant increase in energy consumption in the residential sector, overloading the electrical grid, especially during peak periods and times of congestion. To address this inevitable issue, there has been growing investment in the implementation of Demand Response (DR) programs. This study aims to demonstrate how load flexibility by consumers, acting as prosumers, can help reduce load peaks, improve grid stability, and lower the total energy costs for participants in Demand Response programs. Two case studies were conducted with aggregators that act as intermediaries between multiple consumers, allowing for more effective energy consumption management. Using a computational application based on genetic algorithms, the aggregators optimized load shifting in scenarios with and without solar energy production from photovoltaic panels, eliminating previously existing voltage issues on the grid. Additionally, an economic analysis using time-of-use tariffs and considering a benefit of 0,05€/kWh for participating in the DR program revealed a significant reduction in total energy costs, resulting in savings in operational costs of equipment during the DR event. The results show that the application of Demand Response programs, through the load shifting method, not only helped reduce participants electricity bills but also solved voltage issues on the grid. In the two aggregators studied, a cost reduction of 49,82% was observed for the consumers of aggregator 2 and 51,77% for aggregator 4. For the same consumers acting as prosumers, the savings were 53,50% and 54,75%, respectively. The conclusions suggest that despite barriers such as lack of awareness and legislative issues in different countries, it is important to recognize that these programs have the potential to become a strong ally in the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. Consumer awareness and education about the benefits of DR programs are essential, as is the creation of policies and regulations that encourage their adoption. Moreover, DR programs are essential to limiting the growth of consumption peaks, preventing damage and instability in the distribution grid. With proper implementation, DR programs can provide more efficient energy consumption management, promote sustainability, and increase the resilience of the electrical grid.
Description
Keywords
Aggregators Energy consumption Demand response Load flexibility Prosumers Agregadores Consumos de energia Demand Response Flexibilidade de cargas