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Este trabalho é uma anÔlise dos efeitos da implementação das últimas recomendações
do Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) tambƩm conhecidas como o Basel
III de 2010 que deverão ser faseadamente implementadas desde 1 de Janeiro de 2013 até
1 de Janeiro de 2019, no capital próprio dos bancos Portugueses. Neste trabalho
assume-se que os ativos pesados pelo risco de 2012 mantĆŖm-se constantes e o capital
terÔ de ser aumentado segundo as recomendações ano após ano até ao fim de 2018. Com
esta anĆ”lise, pretende-se entender o nĆvel de robustez do capital próprio dos bancos
Portugueses e se os mesmos tĆŖm capital e reservas suficientes para satisfazer as
recomendaƧƵes de capital mĆnimo sugeridas pelo BCBS ou caso contrĆ”rio, se
necessitarão de novas injeções de capital ou terão de reduzir a sua atividade económica.
O Basel III ainda não foi implementado em Portugal, pois a União Europeia estÔ no
processo de desenvolvimento e implementação do Credit Requirement Directive IV
(CRD IV) que Ć© uma recomendação que todos os bancos centrais dos paĆses da zona
Euro deverão impor aos respetivos bancos. Esta diretiva da União Europeia é baseada
totalmente nas recomendaƧƵes do Basel III e deverƔ ser implementada em 2014 ou nos
anos seguintes. AtƩ agora, os bancos Portugueses seguem um sistema com base no aviso
6/2010 do Banco de Portugal que recomenda o cƔlculo dos rƔcios core tier 1, tier 1 e tier
2 usando o método notações internas (IRB) de avaliação da exposição do banco aos
riscos de crédito, operacional, etc. e onde os ativos ponderados pelo risco são calculados
como 12,5 vezes o valor dos requisitos totais de fundos calculados pelo banco. Este
mĆ©todo Ć© baseado nas recomendaƧƵes do Basel II que serĆ£o substituĆdas pelo Basel III.
Dado que um dos principais motivos para a crise económica e financeira que assolou o
mundo em 2007 foi a acumulação de alavancagem excessiva e gradual erosão da
qualidade da base do capital próprio dos bancos, é importante analisar a posição dos
bancos Portugueses, que embora nĆ£o sejam muito grandes a nĆvel global, controlam a
economia do paĆs. Espera-se que com a implementação das recomendaƧƵes do Basel III
não haja no futuro uma repetição dos choques sistémicos de 2007. Os resultados deste
estudo usando o método padrão recomendado pelo BCBS mostram que de catorze
bancos Portugueses incluĆdos neste estudo, apenas seis (BES, Montepio, Finantia, BIG,
Invest e BIC) conseguem enquadrar nas recomendaƧƵes mĆnimas do Basel III atĆ© 1-1-
2019 e alguns outros estĆ£o marginalmente abaixo dos rĆ”cios mĆnimos (CGD, ItaĆŗ e
CrĆ©dito AgrĆcola).
This work is an analysis of the effects of the implementation of the latest recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) better known as Basel III of 2010 that should be gradually implemented from 1 st of January of 2013 till 1 st of January of 2019, on the equity capital of Portuguese banks. In this work it is assumed that the risk weighted assets of 2012 remain constant and the capital will have to be increased year after year as per the recommendations till the end of 2018. With this analysis, it is intended to understand the level of robustness of the equity capital of the Portuguese banks and if the same have enough funds and reserves to satisfy the minimum capital requirements suggested by BCBS or otherwise, if they will need new capital injections or will have to reduce their economic activities. Basel III has not yet been implemented in Portugal, as the European Union is in the process of developing and implementing the Credit Requirement Directive (CRD IV) that is a recommendation that all the central banks of the Euro zone will have to impose on their scheduled banks. This European Union directive is totally based on the recommendations of Basel III and should be implemented from 2014 or from the following years. Till now, the Portuguese banks follow a system based on notice 6/2010 of Banco de Portugal that advocates the calculation of the ratios core tier 1, tier 1 and tier 2 using the internal ratings based method (IRB) to evaluate the bankĀ“s exposure to credit, operational and other risks and where the risk weighted assets are calculated as 12.5 times the value of the total requirement of funds estimated by the respective banks. This method is based on the Basel II recommendations that will be replaced by Basel III. Given that one of the main reasons for the economic and financial crisis that rocked the world in 2007 was the excessive accumulated leverage and the gradual erosion of the quality of the equity capital base of banks, it is important to analyze the position of Portuguese banks, that though not very large on a global scale, control the countryĀ“s economy. It is expected that with the implementation of the recommendations of Basel III there shall be no repetition of the systemic shocks of 2007 in future. The results of this study using the standard method recommended by BCBS show that out of fourteen Portuguese banks included in this study, only six (BES, Montepio, Finantia, BIG, Invest and BIC) are able to fit into the minimum recommendations laid out by Basel III and a few others are marginally below the minimum prescribed ratios (CGD, ItaĆŗ e CrĆ©dito AgrĆcola).
This work is an analysis of the effects of the implementation of the latest recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) better known as Basel III of 2010 that should be gradually implemented from 1 st of January of 2013 till 1 st of January of 2019, on the equity capital of Portuguese banks. In this work it is assumed that the risk weighted assets of 2012 remain constant and the capital will have to be increased year after year as per the recommendations till the end of 2018. With this analysis, it is intended to understand the level of robustness of the equity capital of the Portuguese banks and if the same have enough funds and reserves to satisfy the minimum capital requirements suggested by BCBS or otherwise, if they will need new capital injections or will have to reduce their economic activities. Basel III has not yet been implemented in Portugal, as the European Union is in the process of developing and implementing the Credit Requirement Directive (CRD IV) that is a recommendation that all the central banks of the Euro zone will have to impose on their scheduled banks. This European Union directive is totally based on the recommendations of Basel III and should be implemented from 2014 or from the following years. Till now, the Portuguese banks follow a system based on notice 6/2010 of Banco de Portugal that advocates the calculation of the ratios core tier 1, tier 1 and tier 2 using the internal ratings based method (IRB) to evaluate the bankĀ“s exposure to credit, operational and other risks and where the risk weighted assets are calculated as 12.5 times the value of the total requirement of funds estimated by the respective banks. This method is based on the Basel II recommendations that will be replaced by Basel III. Given that one of the main reasons for the economic and financial crisis that rocked the world in 2007 was the excessive accumulated leverage and the gradual erosion of the quality of the equity capital base of banks, it is important to analyze the position of Portuguese banks, that though not very large on a global scale, control the countryĀ“s economy. It is expected that with the implementation of the recommendations of Basel III there shall be no repetition of the systemic shocks of 2007 in future. The results of this study using the standard method recommended by BCBS show that out of fourteen Portuguese banks included in this study, only six (BES, Montepio, Finantia, BIG, Invest and BIC) are able to fit into the minimum recommendations laid out by Basel III and a few others are marginally below the minimum prescribed ratios (CGD, ItaĆŗ e CrĆ©dito AgrĆcola).
Description
Keywords
Basel III Tier 1 Tier 2
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Escola Superior de Estudos Industriais e de Gestão