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Taludes rochosos. Metodologias de inspecção e de avalialição de segurança. Caso de estudo das vertentes rochosas de S. Simão
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Resumo(s)
A instabilização de taludes rochosos, com consequências mais ou menos gravosas, repete-se com frequência no território nacional. Os enquadramentos destes incidentes são diversos, sendo mais comum e mais visível a sua ocorrência em taludes adjacentes a vias de comunicação.
No entanto, o fenómeno repete-se também em vertentes naturais, geralmente em alturas de pluviosidade mais prolongada e intensa.
No presente trabalho reveem-se conceitos associados a maciços rochosos, nomeadamente as principais classificações geotécnicas e as diferentes tipologias de instabilidade em taludes rochosos.
Desenvolve-se um caso de estudo de uma vertente localizada em S. Simão, concelho de Amarante.
Percorrem-se as sucessivas fases de estudo, incluindo a realização da fotografia aérea com recurso a um veículo não tripulado, a geração de um modelo 3D de elevada precisão da vertente e a caracterização e a classificação dos diferentes afloramentos rochosos. Desenvolve-se uma metodologia de inspeção com a criação de dois conjuntos de fichas e propõe-se o agravamento da classificação das anomalias perante a simultaneidade de ocorrência de anomalias de idêntica gravidade e a hierarquização dos blocos potencialmente instáveis, de acordo com os respetivos níveis de gravidade (NGB).
Recorre-se ao programa de modelação da queda de blocos, “Rocfall (4.0”, da “Rocscience”, a partir de trajetórias definidas no modelo 3D gerado e propõem-se soluções de reforço e de proteção da vertente.
The instability of rock slopes, with more or less severe consequences, it is frequently repeated throughout the national territory. The framing of this incidents it is quite diverse, it occurs most commonly and notoriously in the adjacent slopes of roads. However, this phenomenon repeats itself in natural ways, usually during prolonged and intense rainfalls. The present work reveals concepts associated to rock masses, namely the main geomechanical ratings and different types of rock slopes’s instability. A case study was developed about a slope located in S. Simao in the county of Amarante. The successive stages of study where perceived, including conducting the aerial photography using an unmanned vehicle, the generation of a 3D model, with high accuracy of the slope and the rating and characterization of the different rock outcrops. An inspection methodology was developed by creating two sets of records and the hierarchization of the potentially instable blocks was proposed, accordingly to the NGB, severity level’s ranking. The author resorted to modeling software to mimic the rock fall, namely Rocscience’s Rocfall 4.0, through the defined trajectories by the 3D generated model and then, reinforcement and safety solutions of the slope are proposed.
The instability of rock slopes, with more or less severe consequences, it is frequently repeated throughout the national territory. The framing of this incidents it is quite diverse, it occurs most commonly and notoriously in the adjacent slopes of roads. However, this phenomenon repeats itself in natural ways, usually during prolonged and intense rainfalls. The present work reveals concepts associated to rock masses, namely the main geomechanical ratings and different types of rock slopes’s instability. A case study was developed about a slope located in S. Simao in the county of Amarante. The successive stages of study where perceived, including conducting the aerial photography using an unmanned vehicle, the generation of a 3D model, with high accuracy of the slope and the rating and characterization of the different rock outcrops. An inspection methodology was developed by creating two sets of records and the hierarchization of the potentially instable blocks was proposed, accordingly to the NGB, severity level’s ranking. The author resorted to modeling software to mimic the rock fall, namely Rocscience’s Rocfall 4.0, through the defined trajectories by the 3D generated model and then, reinforcement and safety solutions of the slope are proposed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Maciços rochosos Instabilidade Queda de blocos Barreiras flexíveis Taludes Rocfall 4.0 Inspeção Rock Masses Instability Rock fall Flexible barriers Slopes Inspection