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Abstract(s)
O consumo crescente de energia elétrica á escala mundial é um tema bastante atual, assim como a preocupação de como esta é produzida. Cada vez mais se procura produzir energia e satisfazer o consumo através de fontes renováveis. Este tipo de produção renovável implica a necessidade de recorrer á utilização de conversores estáticos de potência para efetuar a ligação á rede elétrica, originando a diminuição da inércia girante existente na rede, que apresenta como principal vantagem a mitigação dos desvios de frequência quando ocorrem perturbações na rede elétrica, evitando a atuação de proteções e o deslastre de cargas. Nesta dissertação, desenvolve-se um trabalho sobre a implementação de um sistema de controlo de frequência aplicado numa microgrid com alta penetração energia proveniente de fontes renováveis, recorrendo ao conceito de “inércia virtual” e com o objetivo de contribuir para a estabilidade da frequência, em situações de contingência e quando ocorra algum tipo de distúrbio na rede. O modelo de simulação realizou-se em Matlab/Simulink, através do qual se analisou a resposta em frequência da rede com e sem a utilização do sistema de controlo que foi desenvolvido. Para demonstrar a eficácia da metodologia proposta, esta foi testada considerando mudanças repentinas de carga e de produção. Os resultados demonstram que o modelo pode efetivamente regular a frequência da rede elétrica, mantendo a estabilidade e segurança dinâmica na exploração dos sistemas elétricos de energia.
The growing consumption of electricity worldwide is a very current issue, as well as the concern about how it is produced. More and more people are seeking to produce energy and meet consumption through renewable sources. This type of renewable production implies the need to use static power converters to make the connection to the grid, causing the reduction of the rotating inertia existing in the network, which presents as main advantage the mitigation of frequency deviations when disturbances occur in the power grid, avoiding the actuation of protections and load shedding. In this dissertation, a work is developed about the implementation of a frequency control system applied in a microgrid with high penetration of energy from renewable sources, using the concept of "virtual inertia" and with the objective of contributing to the stability of the frequency, in contingency situations and when some kind of disturbance occurs in the grid. The simulation model was made in Matlab/Simulink, through which the frequency response of the grid was analyzed with and without the use of the control system that was developed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, it was tested considering sudden load and production changes. The results demonstrate that the model can effectively regulate the grid frequency, maintaining stability and dynamic safety in the operation of power systems.
The growing consumption of electricity worldwide is a very current issue, as well as the concern about how it is produced. More and more people are seeking to produce energy and meet consumption through renewable sources. This type of renewable production implies the need to use static power converters to make the connection to the grid, causing the reduction of the rotating inertia existing in the network, which presents as main advantage the mitigation of frequency deviations when disturbances occur in the power grid, avoiding the actuation of protections and load shedding. In this dissertation, a work is developed about the implementation of a frequency control system applied in a microgrid with high penetration of energy from renewable sources, using the concept of "virtual inertia" and with the objective of contributing to the stability of the frequency, in contingency situations and when some kind of disturbance occurs in the grid. The simulation model was made in Matlab/Simulink, through which the frequency response of the grid was analyzed with and without the use of the control system that was developed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, it was tested considering sudden load and production changes. The results demonstrate that the model can effectively regulate the grid frequency, maintaining stability and dynamic safety in the operation of power systems.
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Keywords
Fontes renováveis de energia Perturbações Frequência Controlo Microgrid “Inércia virtual” Matlab/Simulink Sistemas elétricos de energia Disturbances Renewable energy sources Frequency Control Microgrid “Virtual inertia” Electrical energy systems