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Abstract(s)
O transporte de cargas é uma tarefa comum para crianças, adolescentes e adultos, pela
necessidade de transferência diária de objetos pessoais, livros e artigos de papelaria para os
locais de trabalho ou escolas. Diversos autores apontam que o peso carregado durante
transporte de material é o principal responsável pelo aparecimento de dor lombar. Deste
modo é importante o constante estudo da temática para a definição recomendações e
limites. O presente estudo teve como principais objetivos a caraterização da problemática
associada à utilização de mochilas e a determinação do Peso Máximo Aceitável (PMA) e
do Índice de Esforço Percebido (IEP) para a tarefa de transporte de mochilas, através da
abordagem psicofísica. O estudo foi desenvolvido com estudantes do 7º, 8º e 9º ano de
escolaridade e, foi dividido em duas fases. Na 1ª fase foram aplicados questionários para a
análise da problemática associada à utilização de diferentes tipos de mochilas escolares.
Nesta fase, foram incluídos aspetos associados à identificação do tipo de mochila mais
utilizada, as rotinas e hábitos dos estudantes e as características da mochila utilizada.
Verificou-se que os estudantes utilizam, maioritariamente, a mochila de duas alças para
transporte de material escolar. Posteriormente foram efetuadas medições de peso da
mochila, altura e peso aos 131 estudantes que constituíram a amostra da 1º fase. O
principal objetivo deste ponto foi identificar o tipo de mochila habitualmente utilizada
pelos estudantes assim como, o peso transportado nas mochilas. Na 2ª fase foi efetuado um
estudo para a determinação do PMA e do IEP, através da abordagem psicofísica, para a
tarefa de transporte de mochila, considerando-se uma amostra constituída por 10
estudantes. Para este estudo, apenas foi considerada a mochila mais frequentemente
utilizada, identificada na 1º fase. A tarefa consistiu no transporte da mochila nos dois
ombros e com as alças devidamente ajustadas ao corpo, num percurso pré-definido, de
acordo com o procedimento experimental. Os resultados indicaram que nem todos os
estudantes transportam mochilas com pesos dentro das recomendações da Organização
Mundial de Saúde. O PMA determinado pelos estudantes foi de 6.8 kg para a mochila de
duas alças e a região dos ombros foi identificada durante todo o estudo como sendo a que
apresentava maior intensidade de dor durante o transporte da mochila.
Loadings are common tasks for children, teenagers and adults once daily, they have to carry bags, personal objects, and books for workplaces or schools. Several authors point out that the weight loads during material loadings is the main cause for the onset of low back pain. Thus it is important to study this subject in order to define recommendations and establish limits for these tasks. The main objectives of the present study was the characterization of the problems associated with the use of backpacks and the determination of the Maximum Acceptable Weight ( MAW ) and the Index of Perceived Exertion ( IPE ) for the task of carrying backpacks. A psychophysical approach was used to determinate these two index. The study was conducted with students from the 7th, 8th and 9th grade and was divided into two main steps. In the first step, questionnaires were applied I order to analyse the problematic under study. At this stage, aspects associated with the identification of the most widely used type of backpack, routines and habits of students and the characteristics of the backpack used, were included. It was found that students mostly use the two backpack straps for carrying school materials. Later, measurements were made of backpack weight, height and weight in 131 students sampled on the 1st phase. The main objective to achieve was the identification of the type of backpack commonly used by students as well as the weight carried in backpacks. In second stage, a study was conducted to determine the PMA and the IEP. A psychophysical approach was used to assess the task of backpack loading, considering a sample of 10 students. For this study, only the most frequently backpack identified in the first step was used. The task consisted in carrying the bag with the two shoulder straps and duly adjusted to the body in a predefined way, according to the experimental procedure. The results indicated that not all students carry backpacks with weights within the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The Maximum Acceptable Weight determined by students was 6.8 kg. Throughout this study, the shoulder was identified by the students, as the one with the greatest intensity of pain during the carrying of the backpack.
Loadings are common tasks for children, teenagers and adults once daily, they have to carry bags, personal objects, and books for workplaces or schools. Several authors point out that the weight loads during material loadings is the main cause for the onset of low back pain. Thus it is important to study this subject in order to define recommendations and establish limits for these tasks. The main objectives of the present study was the characterization of the problems associated with the use of backpacks and the determination of the Maximum Acceptable Weight ( MAW ) and the Index of Perceived Exertion ( IPE ) for the task of carrying backpacks. A psychophysical approach was used to determinate these two index. The study was conducted with students from the 7th, 8th and 9th grade and was divided into two main steps. In the first step, questionnaires were applied I order to analyse the problematic under study. At this stage, aspects associated with the identification of the most widely used type of backpack, routines and habits of students and the characteristics of the backpack used, were included. It was found that students mostly use the two backpack straps for carrying school materials. Later, measurements were made of backpack weight, height and weight in 131 students sampled on the 1st phase. The main objective to achieve was the identification of the type of backpack commonly used by students as well as the weight carried in backpacks. In second stage, a study was conducted to determine the PMA and the IEP. A psychophysical approach was used to assess the task of backpack loading, considering a sample of 10 students. For this study, only the most frequently backpack identified in the first step was used. The task consisted in carrying the bag with the two shoulder straps and duly adjusted to the body in a predefined way, according to the experimental procedure. The results indicated that not all students carry backpacks with weights within the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The Maximum Acceptable Weight determined by students was 6.8 kg. Throughout this study, the shoulder was identified by the students, as the one with the greatest intensity of pain during the carrying of the backpack.
Description
Keywords
Transporte de mochila Psicofísico Peso máximo aceitável Índice de esforço percebido Dor lombar Backpack transport Psychophysical Maximum acceptable weight Perceived effort index Back pain
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto