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A crescente integração de fontes de energia renovável e a necessidade de redes mais
flexíveis impulsionaram a transformação tecnológica das infraestruturas elétricas, levando à
transição das subestações convencionais para as subestações digitais, baseadas na norma IEC
61850. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo demonstrar esta evolução, investigando a
viabilidade da substituição dos tradicionais circuitos analógicos de cobre por arquiteturas
digitais baseadas em redes de comunicação Ethernet de alta velocidade. Este estudo centra-se
na caracterização, integração e validação de soluções de última geração desenvolvidas pela
Efacec, a MCU 500 e a TPU L500.
Este projeto detalha a implementação destas tecnologias numa arquitetura de
Barramento de Processo (Process Bus), onde a MCU 500 desempenha o papel de digitalização
de sinais de corrente e tensão junto ao equipamento primário, transmitindo-os via protocolo
Sampled Values (IEC 61850-9-2) para a TPU L500. Neste sentido, foi avaliado o desempenho
deste ecossistema digital face às soluções convencionais, focando em métricas quantitativas de
latência na eliminação de defeitos e precisão da sincronização temporal. Adicionalmente, o
trabalho apresentou uma análise económico-financeira decorrente da redução da
infraestrutura física, bem como a otimização de OPEX viabilizada por novas capacidades de
supervisão remota. Os resultados foram validados por ensaios laboratoriais e dados reais, com
o objetivo de demonstrar que a digitalização não só cumpre os requisitos de tempo de atuação
da proteção de alta tensão, como oferecem vantagens significativas em interoperabilidade,
segurança e eficiência, sugerindo a robustez destas soluções para as redes elétricas inteligentes
do futuro.
The increasing integration of renewable energy sources and the need for more flexible grids have driven the technological transformation of electrical infrastructures, leading to the transition from conventional substations to digital substations based on the IEC 61850 standard. This thesis aims to demonstrate this evolution by investigating the feasibility of replacing traditional analog copper circuits with digital architectures based on high-speed Ethernet communication networks. This study focuses on the characterization, integration, and validation of state-of-the-art solutions developed by Efacec, the MCU 500 and the TPU L500. This project details the implementation of these technologies within a Process Bus architecture, where the MCU 500 performs the digitization of current and voltage signals close to the primary equipment, transmitting them via the Sampled Values protocol (IEC 61850-9-2) to the TPU L500. The performance of this digital ecosystem was evaluated against conventional solutions, with an emphasis on quantitative metrics regarding fault clearance latency, and time synchronization precision. Additionally, this thesis presented an economic and financial analysis resulting from the reduction of physical infrastructure, as well as the OPEX optimization enabled by new remote supervision capabilities. The results were validated through laboratory tests and real-world data, aiming to demonstrate that digitization not only meets the strict operating time requirements of high-voltage protection but also offers significant gains in interoperability, safety, and efficiency, suggesting the robustness of these solutions for the smart grids of the future.
The increasing integration of renewable energy sources and the need for more flexible grids have driven the technological transformation of electrical infrastructures, leading to the transition from conventional substations to digital substations based on the IEC 61850 standard. This thesis aims to demonstrate this evolution by investigating the feasibility of replacing traditional analog copper circuits with digital architectures based on high-speed Ethernet communication networks. This study focuses on the characterization, integration, and validation of state-of-the-art solutions developed by Efacec, the MCU 500 and the TPU L500. This project details the implementation of these technologies within a Process Bus architecture, where the MCU 500 performs the digitization of current and voltage signals close to the primary equipment, transmitting them via the Sampled Values protocol (IEC 61850-9-2) to the TPU L500. The performance of this digital ecosystem was evaluated against conventional solutions, with an emphasis on quantitative metrics regarding fault clearance latency, and time synchronization precision. Additionally, this thesis presented an economic and financial analysis resulting from the reduction of physical infrastructure, as well as the OPEX optimization enabled by new remote supervision capabilities. The results were validated through laboratory tests and real-world data, aiming to demonstrate that digitization not only meets the strict operating time requirements of high-voltage protection but also offers significant gains in interoperability, safety, and efficiency, suggesting the robustness of these solutions for the smart grids of the future.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Digital Substation IEC 61850 MCU 500 TPU L500 Sampled Values Operational Efficiency Eficiência operacional Subestação digital
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC
