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Authors
Abstract(s)
As energias renováveis desempenham um papel fundamental na
transição energética, nomeadamente a energia fotovoltaica. Com o
paradigma das metas estabelecidas para a redução dos gases de efeito
estufa, o fotovoltaico apresenta um aumento exponencial nos últimos
anos. Este crescimento levou a um aumento da investigação por parte
das empresas o que originou melhorias em todos os aspetos na parte da
eficiência, fiabilidade e viabilidade dos projetos fotovoltaicos. As
principais vantagens da utilização da energia solar está relacionado com
o facto de ser uma energia abundante e inesgotável.
Esta dissertação tem como principal ponto a análise e criação de uma
comunidade de energia, através da análise de diversos perfis de
consumo, seja residencial ou pequeno comércio, abordando o tema de
descentralização da distribuição de energia, uma vez que, agregando
vários membros dispersos numa zona geográfica e os ganhos quer
para o produtor quer para os consumidores.
Numa primeira fase, a abordagem teórica, tem como objetivo
compreender os conceitos fundamentais relacionados com os módulos
solares fotovoltaicos, a sua constituição, efeitos físicos bem como o
estudo dos inversores, quadro elétrico, métodos limpeza, ou seja, todo o
núcleo que está relacionado com a produção solar.
Após a abordagem mais detalhada do enquadramento, é feita uma
análise mais detalhada à enquadramento do fotovoltaico a nível nacional
e a legislação em vigor, bem como todas as diferentes formas de
produção de energia solar. É realizado enquadramento ao caso de estudo
das CER, desde a sua diferença, para os outros tipos de produção e
critérios a cumprir.
No caso prático com recurso a ferramentas de desenho como o Sketchup,
avalia-se o local onde vai ser implementado a CER, retirando-se os dados
fulcrais, de dimensionamento; com recurso à ferramenta EXCEL fez-se
uma validação técnica de toda a componente do projeto, tendo como
base para validar a informação da irradiação solar o Meteonorm. Na
etapa final é utilizado o PVSyst para uma avaliação detalhada. No final é
realizado um estudo de rentabilidade do mesmo. Com estes dados, é
depois executado um relatório técnico-financeiro do projeto.
Renewable energies play a key role in the energy transition, particularly photovoltaics. With the targets set for reducing greenhouse gases, photovoltaics has grown exponentially in recent years. This growth has led to an increase in research by companies, which has led to improvements in all aspects of the efficiency, reliability and viability of photovoltaic projects. The main advantages of using solar energy are related to the fact that it is an abundant and inexhaustible energy. The main focus of this dissertation is the analysis and creation of an energy community, through the analysis of various consumption profiles, whether residential or small businesses, addressing the issue of decentralising energy distribution by bringing together various members dispersed in a geographical area and the gains for both producers and consumers. In the first phase, the theoretical approach aims to understand the fundamental concepts related to solar photovoltaic modules, their constitution, physical effects as well as the study of inverters, electrical panels, cleaning methods, in other words, the whole core of solar production. After a more detailed approach to the framework, a more detailed analysis is made of the photovoltaic framework at national level and the legislation in force, as well as all the different forms of solar energy production. The CER case study is analysed in terms of how it differs from other types of production and the criteria to be met. In the practical case, using drawing tools such as Sketchup, the site where the CER is going to be implemented is evaluated and the key sizing data is taken; using the EXCEL tool, a technical validation of the entire project component is carried out, using Meteonorm as the basis for validating the solar irradiation information. The final stage, PVSyst was used for a detailed evaluation. At the end a profitability study is carried out. With this data, a a technical-financial report on the project.
Renewable energies play a key role in the energy transition, particularly photovoltaics. With the targets set for reducing greenhouse gases, photovoltaics has grown exponentially in recent years. This growth has led to an increase in research by companies, which has led to improvements in all aspects of the efficiency, reliability and viability of photovoltaic projects. The main advantages of using solar energy are related to the fact that it is an abundant and inexhaustible energy. The main focus of this dissertation is the analysis and creation of an energy community, through the analysis of various consumption profiles, whether residential or small businesses, addressing the issue of decentralising energy distribution by bringing together various members dispersed in a geographical area and the gains for both producers and consumers. In the first phase, the theoretical approach aims to understand the fundamental concepts related to solar photovoltaic modules, their constitution, physical effects as well as the study of inverters, electrical panels, cleaning methods, in other words, the whole core of solar production. After a more detailed approach to the framework, a more detailed analysis is made of the photovoltaic framework at national level and the legislation in force, as well as all the different forms of solar energy production. The CER case study is analysed in terms of how it differs from other types of production and the criteria to be met. In the practical case, using drawing tools such as Sketchup, the site where the CER is going to be implemented is evaluated and the key sizing data is taken; using the EXCEL tool, a technical validation of the entire project component is carried out, using Meteonorm as the basis for validating the solar irradiation information. The final stage, PVSyst was used for a detailed evaluation. At the end a profitability study is carried out. With this data, a a technical-financial report on the project.
Description
Keywords
ENERGY COMMUNITIES RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGY EFFICIENCY PHOTOVOLTAICS