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Abstract(s)
A inovação desempenha um papel crucial na economia dos países e no bem-estar das populações.
Esta impulsiona o crescimento económico, promove a competitividade global e cria oportunidades
para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas.
Para além disso, a inovação é um motor do crescimento económico. Novas ideias, tecnologias e
produtos geram novas indústrias e oportunidades de negócios, criando empregos e aumentando a
produtividade. Empresas inovadoras têm a oportunidade de conquistar novos mercados e
aumentar as suas receitas. Isso, por sua vez, contribui para o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto
(PIB) de um país e o aumento da riqueza nacional.
Em Portugal a Agência Nacional de Inovação (ANI) apoia a inovação, promovendo e dando
incentivos financeiros ou fiscais a projetos com caráter inovador. A ANI tem como visão estratégica
a interligação entre o meio científico e as empresas. Cabe à ANI promover a transferência de
conhecimento, de modo a criar valor para a economia nacional, estabelecer prioridades e definir
indicadores, com foco no apoio à adoção de conhecimento e de tecnologia por parte das empresas
e da sociedade.
Neste seguimento, surge o projeto de investigação que serviu como base para a presente
dissertação. O projeto de investigação teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta
de apoio ao departamento de incentivos financeiros da ANI. O principal objetivo desenvolvido na
presente dissertação prende-se com o desenvolvimento de um modelo de afetação de recursos
para apoio ao departamento, com foco no balanceamento da carga de trabalho entre os recursos
humanos existentes. Para além deste objetivo, existem ainda outras tarefas inerentes ao projeto.
Existiu a necessidade de mapeamento das atividades desenvolvidas e identificação de pontos de
melhoria.
Inicialmente, para garantir o sucesso do projeto, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura existente
incidindo no escalonamento, nomeadamente no escalonamento dinâmico. Este tema tem muito
relevo, pois os problemas em contexto real incorporam sempre fatores dinâmicos que podem
influenciar o sistema. De seguida, houve a necessidade de realizar uma análise dos dados
disponibilizados pela ANI, realizou-se uma análise estatística, estudaram-se as atividades e os
recursos. Tendo sido necessário recolher mais informações sobre as durações das atividades do
departamento foi realizado um questionário para obter essas informações. Por fim, foi
desenvolvido um modelo matemático de afetação com 3 variantes. A primeira e segunda visam o
balanceamento da carga de trabalho e a terceira a minimização do esforço total. Foram realizados
testes para comprovar a eficácia das variantes apresentadas.
Efetivamente, realizando-se uma análise estatística ANOVA e teste de Scheffé sobre os resultados
normalizados, foi possível concluir que, em relação aos fatores amplitude e desvio padrão, a
variante 1 tem uma performance superior às restantes.
Já em relação ao esforço, é possível verificar que a variante 3 produz resultados de esforço total
inferiores às variantes 1 e 2, tendo uma performance superior em relação a este fator, o que já era
esperado, visto que o objetivo desta variante é a minimização do esforço.
Após apresentação da variante 3 esta foi também alvo de interesse, por parte da ANI, pelo que a
ferramenta a desenvolver após o término desta dissertação irá incorporar a possibilidade de alternar entre funções objetivo, dependendo da situação do departamento de incentivos
financeiros da ANI. Por exemplo, em alturas em que existe mais carga de trabalho, em que sejam
impostas datas de término das tarefas, será aplicada a variante 3, que minimiza o esforço total,
noutras situações será aplicada a variante 1, para o balanceamento da carga de trabalho.
O projeto de investigação prolongar-se-á após o término desta dissertação sendo que,
futuramente, o modelo matemático será reformulado, incorporando-se uma componente
dinâmica, para que este consiga reagir a alterações do sistema, reavaliando a afetação e realizando
as alterações necessárias. De seguida, será realizado um protótipo com o algoritmo desenvolvido.
Este será alvo de testes e ajustado sempre que necessário. O objetivo final será a obtenção da
ferramenta de apoio à decisão destinada ao departamento de incentivos financeiros da ANI. Esta
ferramenta irá aumentar a eficiência do departamento, permitindo que a carga de trabalho entre
os recursos humanos seja balanceada e que mais projetos sejam analisados, contribuindo assim
para a inovação do país.
Innovation plays a crucial role in countries' economies and in people's well-being. It drives economic growth, promotes global competitiveness, and creates opportunities to improve people's quality of life. Furthermore, innovation is an engine of economic growth. New ideas, technologies and products generate new industries and business opportunities, creating jobs and increasing productivity. Innovative companies have the opportunity to conquer new markets and increase their revenues. This, in turn, contributes to the growth of a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and an increase in national wealth. In Portugal, the National Innovation Agency (ANI) supports innovation by promoting and providing financial or fiscal incentives for innovative projects. ANI's strategic vision is to link the scientific community and companies. ANI is responsible for promoting the transfer of knowledge in order to create value for the national economy, establishing priorities and defining indicators, with a focus on supporting the adoption of knowledge and technology by companies and society. With this in mind, the research project that serves as the basis for this dissertation emerged. The aim of the research project is to develop a tool to support ANI's financial incentives department. The main aim of this dissertation was to develop a resource allocation model to support the department, with a focus on balancing the workload between existing human resources. In addition to this objective, there were other tasks inherent to the project. There was a need to map the activities carried out, identifying points for improvement. Initially, in order to ensure the success of the project, a review of existing literature was carried out focussing on scheduling, particularly dynamic scheduling. This topic is very important because real world problems always incorporate dynamic factors that can influence the system. Next, it was necessary to analyse the data provided by ANI, carry out a statistical analysis, study the activities and the resources. To gather more information on the duration of the department's activities a questionnaire was carried out. Finally, a mathematical allocation model was developed with 3 variants. The first and second are aimed at balancing the workload and the third at minimising the total effort. Tests were carried out to prove the effectiveness of the variants presented. In fact, by carrying out an ANOVA statistical analysis and Scheffé test on the standardised results, it was possible to conclude that, regarding the amplitude and standard deviation factors, variant 1 outperforms the others. With regard to effort, it can be seen that variant 3 produces lower total effort results than variants 1 and 2, outperforming this factor, which was to be expected given that the aim of this variant is to minimise effort. After variant 3 was presented, ANI was also interested in it, so the tool to be developed after the end of this dissertation will incorporate the possibility of switching between objective functions, depending on the situation in ANI's financial incentives department. For example, at times when there is a heavier workload and task completion dates are imposed, variant 3 will be applied, which minimises the total effort, while in other situations variant 1 will be applied to balance the workload. The research project will continue after the end of this dissertation and, in the future, the mathematical model will be reformulated, incorporating a dynamic component so that it can react to changes in the system, reassessing the allocation and making the necessary changes. Next, a prototype will be realised with the algorithm developed. This will be tested and adjusted whenever necessary. The final objective will be to obtain a decision support tool for the ANI's financial incentives department. This tool will increase the department's efficiency, allowing the workload between human resources to be balanced and more projects to be analysed, thus contributing to the country's innovation.
Innovation plays a crucial role in countries' economies and in people's well-being. It drives economic growth, promotes global competitiveness, and creates opportunities to improve people's quality of life. Furthermore, innovation is an engine of economic growth. New ideas, technologies and products generate new industries and business opportunities, creating jobs and increasing productivity. Innovative companies have the opportunity to conquer new markets and increase their revenues. This, in turn, contributes to the growth of a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and an increase in national wealth. In Portugal, the National Innovation Agency (ANI) supports innovation by promoting and providing financial or fiscal incentives for innovative projects. ANI's strategic vision is to link the scientific community and companies. ANI is responsible for promoting the transfer of knowledge in order to create value for the national economy, establishing priorities and defining indicators, with a focus on supporting the adoption of knowledge and technology by companies and society. With this in mind, the research project that serves as the basis for this dissertation emerged. The aim of the research project is to develop a tool to support ANI's financial incentives department. The main aim of this dissertation was to develop a resource allocation model to support the department, with a focus on balancing the workload between existing human resources. In addition to this objective, there were other tasks inherent to the project. There was a need to map the activities carried out, identifying points for improvement. Initially, in order to ensure the success of the project, a review of existing literature was carried out focussing on scheduling, particularly dynamic scheduling. This topic is very important because real world problems always incorporate dynamic factors that can influence the system. Next, it was necessary to analyse the data provided by ANI, carry out a statistical analysis, study the activities and the resources. To gather more information on the duration of the department's activities a questionnaire was carried out. Finally, a mathematical allocation model was developed with 3 variants. The first and second are aimed at balancing the workload and the third at minimising the total effort. Tests were carried out to prove the effectiveness of the variants presented. In fact, by carrying out an ANOVA statistical analysis and Scheffé test on the standardised results, it was possible to conclude that, regarding the amplitude and standard deviation factors, variant 1 outperforms the others. With regard to effort, it can be seen that variant 3 produces lower total effort results than variants 1 and 2, outperforming this factor, which was to be expected given that the aim of this variant is to minimise effort. After variant 3 was presented, ANI was also interested in it, so the tool to be developed after the end of this dissertation will incorporate the possibility of switching between objective functions, depending on the situation in ANI's financial incentives department. For example, at times when there is a heavier workload and task completion dates are imposed, variant 3 will be applied, which minimises the total effort, while in other situations variant 1 will be applied to balance the workload. The research project will continue after the end of this dissertation and, in the future, the mathematical model will be reformulated, incorporating a dynamic component so that it can react to changes in the system, reassessing the allocation and making the necessary changes. Next, a prototype will be realised with the algorithm developed. This will be tested and adjusted whenever necessary. The final objective will be to obtain a decision support tool for the ANI's financial incentives department. This tool will increase the department's efficiency, allowing the workload between human resources to be balanced and more projects to be analysed, thus contributing to the country's innovation.
Description
Keywords
Allocation Workload Workflow Resources