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Estudo de saturação de transformadores de corrente em redes com conteúdo harmónico: Impacto nas proteções de sistemas de armazenamento de energia
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Abstract(s)
Os Sistemas de Armazenamento de Energia por Baterias, denominados BESS (da sigla em língua
inglesa Battery Energy Storage Systems) desempenham fundamental papel na transição
energética como meio de estabilização da potência fornecida por fontes de energia renováveis.
Composto essencialmente por eletrónica de potência ativa, os PCS (do Inglês Power Convertion
System) são conversores bidirecionais que realizam a conversão de corrente alternada para
contínua, durante o processo de carregamento das baterias e também de contínua para
alternada durante o processo de injeção de potência das baterias para a rede.
Sua proteção, baseada em relés eletrónicos multifunções que atuam em disjuntores de média
tensão, amostram os sinais de corrente destes circuitos via transformadores de corrente, que
podem estar sujeitos à saturação dado o comportamento não linear destes equipamentos e sua
base tecnológica (núcleos ferromagnéticos).
Como análise essencial no dimensionamento e especificação dos transformadores de corrente,
se faz necessário o estudo de saturação destes equipamentos face aos níveis de curto-circuito
na instalação, uma vez que é de fundamental importância garantir a correta atuação dos
disjuntores e demais subsistemas de proteção associados a estes transformadores frente a um
fenómeno de curto-circuito.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos transformadores de corrente
das celas de média tensão face ao típico conteúdo de distorção harmónica existente nos
sistemas BESS, bem como, por meio numérico via utilização do software PLECS, construir uma
metodologia de análise da saturação de transformadores de corrente em redes com conteúdo
harmónico.
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) play a key role in the energy transition as a means of stabilizing the power supplied by renewable energy sources. Composed essentially of active power electronics, PCS (Power Conversion Systems) are bidirectional converters that convert alternating current to direct current during the battery charging process and from direct current to alternating current during the process of injecting power from the batteries into the grid. Its protection, based on multifunction electronic protection relays that act on medium-voltage circuit breakers, samples the current signals from these circuits via current transformers, which can be subject to saturation given the non-linear behaviour of this equipment in the face of short-circuit phenomena. As an essential analysis in the sizing and specification of current transformers, it is necessary to study the saturation of this equipment in relation to short-circuit levels in the installation, since it is of fundamental importance to guarantee the correct performance of the circuit breakers and other protection subsystems associated with these transformers in the face of a shortcircuit event, given the non-linear behaviour of this equipment and its technological basis (ferromagnetic cores). The aim of this work is to analyse the saturation of current transformers in medium-voltage cells in the face of the typical harmonic distortion content found in BESS systems, as well as to build a methodology for analysis the saturation of current transformers in networks with harmonic content by means of numerical analysis using PLECS software.
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) play a key role in the energy transition as a means of stabilizing the power supplied by renewable energy sources. Composed essentially of active power electronics, PCS (Power Conversion Systems) are bidirectional converters that convert alternating current to direct current during the battery charging process and from direct current to alternating current during the process of injecting power from the batteries into the grid. Its protection, based on multifunction electronic protection relays that act on medium-voltage circuit breakers, samples the current signals from these circuits via current transformers, which can be subject to saturation given the non-linear behaviour of this equipment in the face of short-circuit phenomena. As an essential analysis in the sizing and specification of current transformers, it is necessary to study the saturation of this equipment in relation to short-circuit levels in the installation, since it is of fundamental importance to guarantee the correct performance of the circuit breakers and other protection subsystems associated with these transformers in the face of a shortcircuit event, given the non-linear behaviour of this equipment and its technological basis (ferromagnetic cores). The aim of this work is to analyse the saturation of current transformers in medium-voltage cells in the face of the typical harmonic distortion content found in BESS systems, as well as to build a methodology for analysis the saturation of current transformers in networks with harmonic content by means of numerical analysis using PLECS software.
Description
Keywords
BESS Battery Storage Systems CT saturation medium voltage grid protection Sistemas de armazenamento por baterias Saturação de TCs Proteção de redes de média tensão
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Without CC licence