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Sistema de rastreabilidade no processo de fabrico
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A presente dissertação é resultado de um trabalho desenvolvido em contexto real na
Gestamp Aveiro, uma empresa pertencente à indústria automóvel. O objetivo principal deste
projeto passou por implementar e otimizar o sistema FIFO (First In, First Out), integrado com o
ERP SAP, com o intuito não só de melhorar a rastreabilidade e a eficiência operacional, mas
também facilitar o dia a dia dos operadores, reduzir desperdícios e tornar os processos mais
intuitivos. Deste modo, recorreu-se a uma abordagem mista, que combinava a revisão
sistemática da literatura (PRISMA) com a investigação-ação (Action Research).
Este estudo incidiu sobre os dois armazéns integrantes da logística interna. Ambos eram
caracterizados por serem regidos por uma gestão de posições dedicadas. Isto originava
limitações a nível estrutural e físico e condicionava, consequentemente, o cumprimento do
FIFO. A solução passou pela transição de ambos os armazéns para um modelo de alocação
caótica, suportado por novas codificações em SAP representadas através de QR codes, de modo
a garantir maior flexibilidade e rastreabilidade. No armazém de bobines, esta transformação foi
reforçada com a criação de um dashboard em Power BI, que facilita o controlo visual e imediato
para a realização de inventários. No armazém do supermercado, foram implementados alertas
e restrições no sistema SAP, de modo a assegurar a disciplina no funcionamento do FIFO.
Mais do que mudanças estruturais e técnicas, este trabalho provou que a integração entre
sistemas digitais e processos físicos, apoiada por layouts claros e práticas colaborativas, é
fundamental para criar um ambiente logístico mais eficiente, rentável, sustentável e adaptado
às pessoas que nele trabalham.
This dissertation is the result of a project developed in a real-world context at Gestamp Aveiro, a company in the automotive industry. The main objective of this project was the implementation and optimization of the FIFO (First In, First Out) system, integrated with the SAP ERP, with the aim not only of improving traceability and operational efficiency, but also of facilitating the daily work of operators, reducing waste, and making processes more intuitive. To achieve this, a mixed approach was adopted, combining a systematic literature review (PRISMA) with action research. The study focused on the two warehouses that form part of the internal logistics flow. Both were originally managed through dedicated storage positions, a method that led to structural and physical limitations and, consequently, hindered compliance with FIFO principles. The proposed solution involved transitioning both warehouses to a chaotic storage model, supported by new SAP codifications represented through QR codes, in order to ensure greater flexibility and traceability. In the coil warehouse, this transformation was reinforced with the creation of a Power BI dashboard, enabling immediate and visual control to support inventory management. In the supermarket warehouse, alerts and restrictions were implemented in SAP to enforce discipline in the application of FIFO. More than structural and technical changes, this work demonstrated that the integration between digital systems and physical processes—supported by clear layouts and collaborative practices—is essential to creating a logistics environment that is more efficient, cost-effective, sustainable, and better adapted to the people who work within it.
This dissertation is the result of a project developed in a real-world context at Gestamp Aveiro, a company in the automotive industry. The main objective of this project was the implementation and optimization of the FIFO (First In, First Out) system, integrated with the SAP ERP, with the aim not only of improving traceability and operational efficiency, but also of facilitating the daily work of operators, reducing waste, and making processes more intuitive. To achieve this, a mixed approach was adopted, combining a systematic literature review (PRISMA) with action research. The study focused on the two warehouses that form part of the internal logistics flow. Both were originally managed through dedicated storage positions, a method that led to structural and physical limitations and, consequently, hindered compliance with FIFO principles. The proposed solution involved transitioning both warehouses to a chaotic storage model, supported by new SAP codifications represented through QR codes, in order to ensure greater flexibility and traceability. In the coil warehouse, this transformation was reinforced with the creation of a Power BI dashboard, enabling immediate and visual control to support inventory management. In the supermarket warehouse, alerts and restrictions were implemented in SAP to enforce discipline in the application of FIFO. More than structural and technical changes, this work demonstrated that the integration between digital systems and physical processes—supported by clear layouts and collaborative practices—is essential to creating a logistics environment that is more efficient, cost-effective, sustainable, and better adapted to the people who work within it.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Internal Logistics Inventory Management FIFO Traceability ERP SAP Automotive Industry Logística Interna Gestão de inventário Rastreabilidade Indústria automóvel