| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.71 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação teve como principais objetivos a realização de uma auditoria energética e um balanço de energia às prensas de vulcanização da Continental-Mabor e identificar possíveis melhorias de eficiência energética. Pretendeu-se ainda correlacionar diferentes tipos de pneus com o seu consumo de vapor. No ano de 2023 a Continental-Mabor consumiu 56 088 tep de energia sendo a energia elétrica a maior fatia deste consumo. O custo da energia foi 41 375 898 €. O consumo específico neste ano foi de 271,4 kgep/t e a intensidade carbónica foi de 2327,3 kgCO2e/tep. Nas prensas de vulcanização do PLT (Passenger & Light Truck) a forma de energia mais utilizada é o vapor, correspondendo a 89,2% do total produzido, e verificou-se que são responsáveis por 28,8% das necessidades energéticas da Continental. O consumo específico de energia das prensas de vulcanização foi de 82,7 kgep/t e a intensidade carbónica de 2638,22 kgCO2e/tep.
Relativamente ao balanço de energia, verificou-se que cerca de 68,5% do ar comprimido alimentado às prensas é perdido por correntes de fugas. Constatou-se que o rendimento energético do processo de vulcanização ronda os 14,6%. As perdas de energia sob a forma de calor são a maior fatia das perdas, sendo que se estima que dos 119 130 MWh de vapor utilizados nas prensas, 34 240 MWh são perdas térmicas, o que corresponde a 28,7%. No estudo efetuado dos consumos de vapor por tipo de pneu, não se verificou uma
relação notória entre o consumo de vapor e a sua massa, ou volume. Os dados sugerem que o consumo específico de vapor dos pneus diminui com o aumento da massa e com o aumento do volume. Com a aplicação de isolamentos térmicos nas prensas de vulcanização estima-se uma poupança anual de 4256 MWh de vapor. Com um investimento de 176 047 € prevê-se um período de retorno de investimento 0,55 anos, aproximadamente 7 meses. Após aplicação dos isolamentos prevê-se também que o consumo específico da
Continental diminua para 269,4 tep/t (cerca de 0,73%) e a intensidade carbónica diminua para 2324,4 kg CO2e/tep (cerca de 0,12%).
The main objectives of this dissertation were to carry out an energy audit and energy balance of the Continental-Mabor vulcanization presses and suggest energy efficiency improvements. It also aimed to correlate different tires with their steam consumption. In 2023, Continental-Mabor consumed 56 088 toes of energy, with electricity accounting for the largest share of this consumption. The cost of the energy was 41 375 898€. Specific consumption this year was 271,4 kgoe/t and the carbon intensity was 2327,3 kgCO2e/toe. As for the PLT vulcanization presses, the most used form of energy was steam. It was concluded that the vulcanization presses are responsible for 28,8% of Continental's energy needs. The steam consumed here corresponds to 89,2% of the total produced. The specific energy consumption of the vulcanization presses was 82,7 kgoe/t and the carbon intensity was 2638,2 kgCO2e/toe. Regarding the energy balance, it was found that around 68,5% of the compressed air fed to the presses is lost through leaks. It was found that the energy yield of the vulcanization process is around 14,6%. Energy losses in the form of heat account for the largest share of losses, being estimated that of the 119 130 MWh of steam used in the presses, 34 240 MWh is lost by heat losses, which corresponds to 28,7%. After studying steam consumption by type of tire, there was no noticeable relationship between steam consumption and its mass or volume. The data suggests that the specific steam consumption of tires decreases with increasing mass and volume. Applying thermal insulation to vulcanization presses, it is estimated that annual savings of 4256 MWh of steam could be achieved. With an investment of 176 047 €, a payback period of 0,55 years (around 7 months) is expected. After applying the insulation, Continental's specific consumption is expected to decrease to 269,4 toe/t (about 0,73%) and its carbon intensity to 2324,4 (about 0,12%) kgCO2e/toe.
The main objectives of this dissertation were to carry out an energy audit and energy balance of the Continental-Mabor vulcanization presses and suggest energy efficiency improvements. It also aimed to correlate different tires with their steam consumption. In 2023, Continental-Mabor consumed 56 088 toes of energy, with electricity accounting for the largest share of this consumption. The cost of the energy was 41 375 898€. Specific consumption this year was 271,4 kgoe/t and the carbon intensity was 2327,3 kgCO2e/toe. As for the PLT vulcanization presses, the most used form of energy was steam. It was concluded that the vulcanization presses are responsible for 28,8% of Continental's energy needs. The steam consumed here corresponds to 89,2% of the total produced. The specific energy consumption of the vulcanization presses was 82,7 kgoe/t and the carbon intensity was 2638,2 kgCO2e/toe. Regarding the energy balance, it was found that around 68,5% of the compressed air fed to the presses is lost through leaks. It was found that the energy yield of the vulcanization process is around 14,6%. Energy losses in the form of heat account for the largest share of losses, being estimated that of the 119 130 MWh of steam used in the presses, 34 240 MWh is lost by heat losses, which corresponds to 28,7%. After studying steam consumption by type of tire, there was no noticeable relationship between steam consumption and its mass or volume. The data suggests that the specific steam consumption of tires decreases with increasing mass and volume. Applying thermal insulation to vulcanization presses, it is estimated that annual savings of 4256 MWh of steam could be achieved. With an investment of 176 047 €, a payback period of 0,55 years (around 7 months) is expected. After applying the insulation, Continental's specific consumption is expected to decrease to 269,4 toe/t (about 0,73%) and its carbon intensity to 2324,4 (about 0,12%) kgCO2e/toe.
Description
Keywords
Vulcanization Presses Steam Energy efficiency Vulcanização Prensas Vapor Eficiência energética