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Aplicação de ferramentas para avaliar o impacto ambiental do retrofitting em máquinas industriais - caso de estudo
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| 3.92 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A crescente preocupação com o tema da eficiência energética e da sustentabilidade, levou
a empresa CONTROLAR a incluir no seu plano estratégico, um conjunto de objetivos para
fazer face às exigências da política de neutralidade carbónica. Assim, a presente dissertação
teve como objetivo desenvolver ferramentas para avaliar o impacto ambiental das
máquinas bem como do retrofitting das mesmas.
Foi selecionada como base para o projeto, uma máquina que já completou um ciclo de vida,
isto é, já foi reutilizada após o fim do ciclo de vida do produto ao qual estava a testar. A
abordagem teórica centrou-se no ciclo de vida do produto e nas metodologias de calculo
do impacto das emissões CO2 (dióxido de carbono), bem como, abordar temas como os
protocolos de fabricantes de componentes e o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Após análise dos equipamentos que constituem a máquina, foi decidido aprofundar o
tema, analisando também os componentes que constituem o quadro elétrico. Após
consulta do fator de emissão das matérias-primas que compõem os equipamentos, foi
possível calcular a pegada de carbono de cada componente do quadro elétrico fixando o
valor de 129,962 Kg CO2eq (Equivalente da quantidade de dióxido de carbono) como
pegada de carbono desta componente. A análise das fases do ciclo de vida da máquina
permitiu obter valores de emissões GHG (greenhouse gas) de aproximadamente 209 kg
CO2eq para o fabrico da máquina e 244 kg CO2eq para a fase de transporte.
Por fim, foi efetuada uma análise ao fim de vida dos equipamentos que compõem a
máquina e o resultado espectável é que o material que é inserido no quadro elétrico tenha
um tempo de vida superior ao equipamento instalado na máquina.
The growing concern with the subject of energy efficiency and sustainability led the company CONTROLAR to include in the company's strategic plan a set of objectives to meet the requirements of the policy of carbon neutrality. Thus, this dissertation aimed to develop tools to assess the environmental impact of machines and their retrofitting. As a basis for the project, a machine that has already completed a life cycle was selected, that is, it has already been reused after the end of the life cycle of the product it was testing. The theoretical approach focused on the product's life cycle and on methodologies for calculating the impact of CO2 emissions, as well as addressing topics such as component manufacturers' protocols and sustainable development. After analyzing the equipment that makes up the machine, it was decided to deepen the theme, with the material that was inserted in the electrical panel. After consulting the emission factor of the raw materials that make up the equipment, it was possible to calculate the carbon footprint of each component, as well as to set the value of 129.962 Kg CO2eq as the carbon footprint of the switchboard. The analysis of the phases of the machine's life cycle allowed obtaining GHG emission values of 209 kg CO2eq for the manufacture of the machine and 244 kg CO2eq for the transport phase. Finally, an end-of-life analysis of the equipment that makes up the machine was carried out and the expected result is that the material that is inserted in the electrical panel has a longer life than the equipment installed in the machine.
The growing concern with the subject of energy efficiency and sustainability led the company CONTROLAR to include in the company's strategic plan a set of objectives to meet the requirements of the policy of carbon neutrality. Thus, this dissertation aimed to develop tools to assess the environmental impact of machines and their retrofitting. As a basis for the project, a machine that has already completed a life cycle was selected, that is, it has already been reused after the end of the life cycle of the product it was testing. The theoretical approach focused on the product's life cycle and on methodologies for calculating the impact of CO2 emissions, as well as addressing topics such as component manufacturers' protocols and sustainable development. After analyzing the equipment that makes up the machine, it was decided to deepen the theme, with the material that was inserted in the electrical panel. After consulting the emission factor of the raw materials that make up the equipment, it was possible to calculate the carbon footprint of each component, as well as to set the value of 129.962 Kg CO2eq as the carbon footprint of the switchboard. The analysis of the phases of the machine's life cycle allowed obtaining GHG emission values of 209 kg CO2eq for the manufacture of the machine and 244 kg CO2eq for the transport phase. Finally, an end-of-life analysis of the equipment that makes up the machine was carried out and the expected result is that the material that is inserted in the electrical panel has a longer life than the equipment installed in the machine.
Description
Keywords
Circular Economy LCA Methodology Carbon Footprint Emission Factor Industrial Machine