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Abstract(s)
Um dos grandes objetivos da CaetanoBus, é a redução da massa dos seus autocarros urbanos,
de forma a aumentar a lotação e minimizar o consumo. Para isso, basta analisar todas as peças
não estruturais e tentar reduzir a sua massa, sem afetar a rigidez. Mecanismos como o design
generativo e a otimização topológica podem ser utilizados para esse propósito. Foi efetuado
um estudo a quatro componentes existentes num autocarro, que consistiu na aplicação do
design generativo e da otimização topológica, com o objetivo de perceber se é possível uma
redução de massa sem o comprometimento da rigidez, se ambas as ferramentas são vantajosas
quando comparadas com os processos de fabrico tradicionais e se os custos inerentes à
implementação destes processos na fabricação/obtenção das peças são muito elevados. A
análise foi efetuada recorrendo ao software Fusion360, que permite a preparação dos modelos
CAD, para que possam ser analisados. Uma vez obtidos todos os resultados, foi possível
comprovar que existe uma redução de massa considerável, contudo, nem todas as peças
cumpriram o objetivo definido inicialmente que era uma redução de pelo menos 40% da massa
inicial. Em média, o design generativo permitiu uma redução de massa na ordem dos 49,7% e a
otimização topológica na ordem dos 30,6%, valores bastante positivos e que dão a entender
que o design generativo consegue ser mais eficaz. Todavia não nos podemos restringir apenas
à massa, é igualmente relevante analisar os custos de produção dos componentes de formas
maioritariamente orgânicas, criados pelas ferramentas em análise. Nesse campo, e depois de
feita a simulação a duas das quatro peças analisadas, verificou-se também uma redução
significativa de preço, o que torna estes novos processos de fabrico bastante vantajosos.
One of CaetanoBus' main objectives is to reduce the mass of its urban buses, in order to increase capacity and minimize consumption. To do this, it’s important to analyse all the non-structural parts and try to reduce their mass without affecting rigidity. Mechanisms such as generative design and topological optimisation can be used for this purpose. A study was carried out on four existing bus components, consisting of the application of generative design and topological optimisation, with the aim of finding out if a reduction in mass can, in fact, be achieved without compromising rigidity, if the two tools are advantageous when compared to traditional manufacturing processes and if the costs of the parts obtained using these processes are very high. The analysis was carried out using Fusion360 software, which allows CAD models to be prepared so that they can be analysed. Once all the results had been obtained, it was possible to see that there was a considerable reduction in mass, however, some parts didn’t fulfill the objective of reducing the initial mass by at least 40 per cent. On average, generative design enabled a mass reduction of around 49.7% and topological optimisation of around 30.6%, which are very positive values and suggest that generative design can be more effective. However, it's not just about mass, it's important to evaluate the production costs of the components created by the tools being analysed, which are mostly organic in shape. In this field, and after simulating two of the four parts, there was also a significant reduction in price, which makes these new manufacturing processes very advantageous.
One of CaetanoBus' main objectives is to reduce the mass of its urban buses, in order to increase capacity and minimize consumption. To do this, it’s important to analyse all the non-structural parts and try to reduce their mass without affecting rigidity. Mechanisms such as generative design and topological optimisation can be used for this purpose. A study was carried out on four existing bus components, consisting of the application of generative design and topological optimisation, with the aim of finding out if a reduction in mass can, in fact, be achieved without compromising rigidity, if the two tools are advantageous when compared to traditional manufacturing processes and if the costs of the parts obtained using these processes are very high. The analysis was carried out using Fusion360 software, which allows CAD models to be prepared so that they can be analysed. Once all the results had been obtained, it was possible to see that there was a considerable reduction in mass, however, some parts didn’t fulfill the objective of reducing the initial mass by at least 40 per cent. On average, generative design enabled a mass reduction of around 49.7% and topological optimisation of around 30.6%, which are very positive values and suggest that generative design can be more effective. However, it's not just about mass, it's important to evaluate the production costs of the components created by the tools being analysed, which are mostly organic in shape. In this field, and after simulating two of the four parts, there was also a significant reduction in price, which makes these new manufacturing processes very advantageous.
Description
Keywords
Generative design Topological optimization Diagonal trays Windscreen wiper support Ticketing base Battery holder Additive manufacturing Injection molding Design generativo, Otimização topológica, Autocarros Redução de massa Fabrico aditivo Rigidez