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Neurobiomechanical characterization of feedforward phase of gait initiation in chronic stroke: A linear and non-linear approach

2025-04-25Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorFreitas, Marta
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Leonel
dc.contributor.authorPinho, Liliana
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorFigueira, Vânia
dc.contributor.authorFélix, José
dc.contributor.authorPinho, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorVilas-Boas, João Paulo
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Augusta
dc.contributor.authorFerreira Silva, Maria Augusta
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-27T14:11:36Z
dc.date.available2026-04-27T14:11:36Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-25
dc.description.abstractPostural control arises from the complex interplay of stability, adaptability, and dynamic adjustments, which are disrupted post-stroke, emphasizing the importance of examining these mechanisms during functional tasks. This study aimed to analyze the complexity and variability of postural control in post-stroke individuals during the feedforward phase of gait initiation. A cross-sectional study analyzed 17 post-stroke individuals and 16 matched controls. Participants had a unilateral ischemic stroke in the chronic phase and could walk independently. Exclusions included cognitive impairments, recent surgery, and neurological/orthopedic conditions. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during 10 self-initiated gait trials to analyze centre of pressure (CoP) dynamics and joint angles (−600 ms to +50 ms). A 12-camera motion capture system (Qualisys, Gothenburg, Sweden) recorded full-body kinematics using 72 reflective markers placed on anatomical landmarks of the lower limbs, pelvis, trunk, and upper limbs. Ground reaction forces were measured via force plates (Bertec, Columbus, OH, USA) to compute CoP variables. Linear (displacement, amplitude, and velocity) and non-linear (Lyapunov exponent—LyE and multiscale entropy—MSE) measures were applied to assess postural control complexity and variability. Mann–Whitney U tests were applied (p < 0.05). The stroke group showed greater CoP displacement (p < 0.05) and reduced velocity (p = 0.021). Non-linear analysis indicated lower LyE values and reduced complexity and adaptability in CoP position and amplitude across scales (p < 0.05). In the sagittal plane, the stroke group had higher displacement and amplitude in the head, trunk, pelvis, and limbs, with reduced LyE and MSE values (p < 0.05). Frontal plane findings showed increased displacement and amplitude in the head, trunk, and ankle, with reduced LyE and MSE (p < 0.05). In the transverse plane, exaggerated rotational patterns were observed with increased displacement and amplitude in the head, trunk, pelvis, and hip, alongside reduced LyE convergence and MSE complexity (p < 0.05). Stroke survivors exhibit increased linear variability, indicating instability, and reduced non-linear complexity, reflecting limited adaptability. These results highlight the need for rehabilitation strategies that address both stability and adaptability across time scales.eng
dc.identifier.citationFreitas, M., Fonseca, P., Alves, L., Pinho, L., Silva, S., Figueira, V., Félix, J., Pinho, F., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Silva, A. (2025). Neurobiomechanical characterization of feedforward phase of gait initiation in chronic stroke: A linear and non-linear approach. Applied Sciences, 15(9), 4762. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094762
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app15094762
dc.identifier.eissn2076-3417
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/32294
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationUIDB/05913/2020
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4762
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectPostural control
dc.subjectAnticipatory adjustments
dc.subjectStroke
dc.subjectMotor variability
dc.subjectSystem complexity
dc.subjectNon-linear analysis
dc.titleNeurobiomechanical characterization of feedforward phase of gait initiation in chronic stroke: A linear and non-linear approacheng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage41
oaire.citation.issue9
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleApplied Sciences
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameFerreira Silva
person.givenNameMaria Augusta
person.identifier1087589
person.identifier.ciencia-idCE18-7090-9C5E
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5018-6905
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24482045400
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationedfc4f79-82b7-4669-8fa1-220cc20aa495
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryedfc4f79-82b7-4669-8fa1-220cc20aa495

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