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Exploring the relationship between mental well-being, exercise routines, and the intake of image and performance enhancing drugs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a comparison across sport disciplines

2021-07-06Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorShibata, Mami
dc.contributor.authorBurkauskas, Julius
dc.contributor.authorDores, Artemisa Rocha
dc.contributor.authorKobayashi, Kei
dc.contributor.authorYoshimura, Sayaka
dc.contributor.authorSimonato, Pierluigi
dc.contributor.authorLuca, Ilaria De
dc.contributor.authorCicconcelli, Dorotea
dc.contributor.authorGiorgetti, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorP. Carvalho, Irene
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorMurai, Toshiya
dc.contributor.authorA. Gómez-Martínez, Maria
dc.contributor.authorDemetrovics, Zsolt
dc.contributor.authorEdina Ábel, Krisztina
dc.contributor.authorSzabo, Attila
dc.contributor.authorRebeca Melero Ventola, Alejandra
dc.contributor.authorMaria Arroyo-Anlló, Eva
dc.contributor.authorM. Santos-Labrador, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorGriskova-Bulanova, Inga
dc.contributor.authorGriskova-Bulanova, Inga
dc.contributor.authorPranckeviciene, Aiste
dc.contributor.authorBersani, Giuseppe
dc.contributor.authorFujiwara, Hironobu
dc.contributor.authorCorazza, Ornella
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-08T11:00:48Z
dc.date.available2021-07-08T11:00:48Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-06
dc.description.abstractPhysical distancing under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on lifestyles, including exercise routines. In this study, we examined the relationship between mental health and addictive behaviors, such as excessive exercise and the use of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) across 12 sport disciplines. Materials and methods: A large cross-sectional sample of the adult population (N = 2,295) was surveyed. The mean age was 33.09 (SD = 11.40). The number of male participants was 668 (30.0%). The use of IPEDs was assessed in conjunction with psychometric measures such as the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Shibata et al. Sports Disciplines and IPEDs Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI). The participants were grouped into activity group (AG) and non-activity group (NAG) according to the presence or absence of their exercise habits. The results were compared between these groups, as well as across sport disciplines, while taking into account the relationship between different psychological measures and IPEDs consumption. Results: The frequency of IPEDs use was higher among AG (34.6%) than NAG (14.6%), although AG participants reported less history of addictions (7.1%) than NAG (11.8%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that scores equal to or above cutoff points, in both the EAI and AAI, predicted the IPEDs use. Regarding the differences across the various sport disciplines, those who were involved in practicing Weight Lifting and Cross Fit were found to be more at risk of excessive exercising and more inclined to use a wide range of IPEDs. Conclusions: Although exercise could help to increase well-being and prevent addictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, our results show that those in the AG are particularly vulnerable to excessive IPEDs use. Sport disciplines associated with higher EAI and AAI scores have also shown a higher tendency to excessive IPEDs use. Furthermore, the factor of having above the cutoff scores in EAI or AAI in each sport could indicate larger IPEDs consumption regardless of the discipline. In light of the current findings, it is necessary to better define the “non-excessive” levels of exercise in various sport disciplines and an adequate intake of IPEDs to ensure the safety and well-being of people during a pandemicpt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationShibata, M., Burkauskas J., Dores A. R.*, Kobayashi K., Yoshimura, S., Simonato, P., … Corazza, O. (2021). Exploring the relationship between mental wellbeing, exercise routines and the intake of Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison across sport disciplines, Frontiers in Psychology, section Movement Science and Sport Psychology https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689058pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689058pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/18107
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherFrontierspt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689058/fullpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectExcessive exercisept_PT
dc.subjectSupplementpt_PT
dc.subjectIPEDSpt_PT
dc.subjectCOVID-19pt_PT
dc.subjectEnhancementpt_PT
dc.titleExploring the relationship between mental well-being, exercise routines, and the intake of image and performance enhancing drugs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a comparison across sport disciplinespt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage10pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Psychologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume12pt_PT
person.familyNameDores
person.givenNameArtemisa
person.identifier.ciencia-id6B12-301B-4A0F
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4595-9816
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication6579b160-3747-4ab2-a590-9f7d03215fa7
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery6579b160-3747-4ab2-a590-9f7d03215fa7

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