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Desenvolvimento de um biossensor eletroquímico para o contaminante emergente trimetoprim em amostras ambientais e alimentares
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Abstract(s)
crescente presença de contaminantes emergentes (CEs) em ambientes aquáticos, em particular fármacos como o trimetoprim, tem suscitado preocupações significativas devido à sua persistência, bioacumulação e potencial impacto na saúde humana e nos ecossistemas. Estes compostos, frequentemente detetados em concentrações da ordem de nanogramas por litro, não são eficientemente removidos pelas estações de tratamento de águas residuais
convencionais, o que favorece a sua disseminação no ambiente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de um imunossensor eletroquímico do tipo label-free para a deteção seletiva do fármaco trimetoprim, em amostras ambientais, nomeadamente peixe (carapau) e água de rio. O imunossensor é baseado num transdutor de ouro impresso em papel, sendo imobilizado o elemento biorrecetor (anticorpo anti-trimetoprim). O desenvolvimento do imunoensaio foi efetuado em 1h 15min e consistiu na imobilização do agente bloqueador (BSA, com uma duração de 15 minutos) seguida do analito alvo (trimetoprim, por 60 minutos). Após estas
etapas seguiu-se a medição eletroquímica, usando como técnica a voltametria de pulso diferencial. Diversas condições experimentais foram otimizadas, promovendo uma melhor resposta do imunossensor ao analito, obtendo-se uma gama de linearidade de 0,03 a 2,43 μg/L, com um limite de detecção de 0,0021 μg/L. Subsequentemente foi realizada a validação do imunossensor nas duas amostras, fortificadas e não fortificadas, sendo a selectividade previamente estudado com três diferentes fármacos . Os resultados obtidos, permitiram validar o funcionamento do imunossensor nas condições otimizadas para análise de trimetoprim. O dispositivo proposto baseia-se na utilização de eletrodos de papel impresso com ouro, uma plataforma inovadora e sustentável que alia simplicidade, baixo custo, portabilidade e
excelente sensibilidade e seletividade.
The growing presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic environments, particularly drugs such as trimethoprim, has raised significant concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and potential impact on human health and ecosystems. These compounds, often detected in concentrations of around nanograms per litre, are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, which favours their spread in the environment. In this context, the main objective of this work was to develop a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the selective detection of the drug trimethoprim in environmental samples, namely fish (horse mackerel) and river water. The immunosensor is based on a gold transducer printed on paper, with the bioreceptor element (anti-Trimethoprim antibody) immobilised. The immunoassay was developed in 1h 15min and consisted of immobilising the blocking agent (BSA, for 15 minutes) followed by the target analyte (Trimethoprim, for 60 minutes). These steps were followed by electrochemical measurement, using differential pulse voltammetry as the technique. Various experimental conditions were optimised, promoting a better response of the immunosensor to the analyte, obtaining a linearity range of 0,03 to 2,43 μg/L, with a detection limit of 0,0021 μg/L. The immunosensor was subsequently validated on both fortified and unfortified samples, and its selectivity was previously studied with three different drugs. The results obtained allowed the immunosensor to be validated under the conditions optimised for trimethoprim analysis. The proposed device is based on the use of gold-printed paper electrodes, an innovative and sustainable platform that combines simplicity, low cost, portability and excellent sensitivity and selectivity.
The growing presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic environments, particularly drugs such as trimethoprim, has raised significant concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation and potential impact on human health and ecosystems. These compounds, often detected in concentrations of around nanograms per litre, are not efficiently removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, which favours their spread in the environment. In this context, the main objective of this work was to develop a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the selective detection of the drug trimethoprim in environmental samples, namely fish (horse mackerel) and river water. The immunosensor is based on a gold transducer printed on paper, with the bioreceptor element (anti-Trimethoprim antibody) immobilised. The immunoassay was developed in 1h 15min and consisted of immobilising the blocking agent (BSA, for 15 minutes) followed by the target analyte (Trimethoprim, for 60 minutes). These steps were followed by electrochemical measurement, using differential pulse voltammetry as the technique. Various experimental conditions were optimised, promoting a better response of the immunosensor to the analyte, obtaining a linearity range of 0,03 to 2,43 μg/L, with a detection limit of 0,0021 μg/L. The immunosensor was subsequently validated on both fortified and unfortified samples, and its selectivity was previously studied with three different drugs. The results obtained allowed the immunosensor to be validated under the conditions optimised for trimethoprim analysis. The proposed device is based on the use of gold-printed paper electrodes, an innovative and sustainable platform that combines simplicity, low cost, portability and excellent sensitivity and selectivity.
Description
Keywords
emerging contaminants water trimethoprim biosensors immunosensor paper electrochemistry Contaminantes emergentes Água Trimetoprim Biossensores Imunossensor Papel Eletroquímica