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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho pretende avaliar e melhorar o modo de execução da aplicação da técnica de
rebentamento com explosivos, aumentando a fragmentação e reduzindo o custo no conjunto das
operações de perfuração, carga, detonação e fragmentação secundária e compreender a influência na
variação do custo das operações face às melhorias adoptadas. A investigação foi executada na pedreira
da Mota-Engil, Engenharia S.A. ‘’ Bouça do Menino’’ Vila Verde, Cervães, tendo os dados iniciais sido
recolhidos em 2004 (ano de referência) e comparados com os seguintes 4 anos. A perfuração é
geralmente um dos principais factores que influenciam o resultado de um rebentamento, já que do seu
rigor pode depender a eficiência do explosivo. Hoje em dia, para além da adequação dos métodos de
execução ao local a fragmentar, existem ferramentas que nos permitem visualizar com rigor as
circunstâncias em que se desenvolvem os trabalhos, nomeadamente as utilizadas pelos equipamentos
de perfuração para controlo de profundidade, inclinação e direcção, a utilização de feixes ‘’laser’’ que
nos permitem manter o nivelamento das plataformas, o ‘’laser’’ profile que nos ajuda a definir o
posicionamento e inclinação dos furos relativamente à frente livre antes de executar a perfuração, ou
ainda, a utilização de equipamentos de registo de coordenadas que nos permitem verificar o
posicionamento do furo após a sua execução e decidir sobre a sua utilização mais correcta em função
da sua posição. A utilização destas ferramentas associadas a um ‘’software’’ de desenho é ainda uma
excelente ferramenta de formação para os operadores da perfuração e utilização dos explosivos, já que
permite visualizar e compreender a relação da posição dos furos com o resultado do rebentamento.
This study aims to evaluate and improve the conduct of the blasting technique, increasing fragmentation and reducing cost in all operations, drilling, loading, blasting and secondary fragmentation and understand the influence of the variation in operations cost related with the adopted improvements. The investigation was performed in the quarry of Mota-Engil, Engenharia S.A. ‘’ Bouça do Menino’’ Vila Verde, Cervães, and the initial data was collected in 2004 (reference year) and compared with the following four years. The drilling is usually one of the main factors influencing the result of the blast, since from its accuracy may depend on the efficiency of the explosive. Today, in addition to the appropriateness of methods of fragmentation, there are tools that allow us to see the precise circumstances in which the activities take place, including those operated by the control equipment for drilling depth and slop direction, use of laser beams that allow us to maintain the level of platforms, the laser profiler that help us define the position and the inclination of the holes on the front free before performing the drill, or the use of the recording equipment that allow us to check right placement of the holes after its implementation and decide about its more appropriate use depending on their position. The use of these tools associate with a software design is still an excellent training tool for driller operators and blasters, as it allows to view and understand the relationship of the position of the holes with the result of the blast.
This study aims to evaluate and improve the conduct of the blasting technique, increasing fragmentation and reducing cost in all operations, drilling, loading, blasting and secondary fragmentation and understand the influence of the variation in operations cost related with the adopted improvements. The investigation was performed in the quarry of Mota-Engil, Engenharia S.A. ‘’ Bouça do Menino’’ Vila Verde, Cervães, and the initial data was collected in 2004 (reference year) and compared with the following four years. The drilling is usually one of the main factors influencing the result of the blast, since from its accuracy may depend on the efficiency of the explosive. Today, in addition to the appropriateness of methods of fragmentation, there are tools that allow us to see the precise circumstances in which the activities take place, including those operated by the control equipment for drilling depth and slop direction, use of laser beams that allow us to maintain the level of platforms, the laser profiler that help us define the position and the inclination of the holes on the front free before performing the drill, or the use of the recording equipment that allow us to check right placement of the holes after its implementation and decide about its more appropriate use depending on their position. The use of these tools associate with a software design is still an excellent training tool for driller operators and blasters, as it allows to view and understand the relationship of the position of the holes with the result of the blast.
Description
Keywords
Perfuração Optimização Rebentamento Fragmentação Produtividade Drilling Optimization Blasting Fragmentation Productivity
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto