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Modelação dos parâmetros físicos elementares de diversos solos com vista à determinação da sua compactação
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, no domínio da Engenharia civil e geotécnica, os trabalhos de terraplenagens tornaram-se tema incontornável, bem como, por consequência, o seu controlo de qualidade imprescindível. Conceitos associados à ânsia e necessidade em busca da aquisição de resultados céleres, que permitam a conclusão de projetos no menor período possível, conduzem à procura de alternativas simplificadas, porém teoricamente fundamentadas. Como tal, a presente dissertação tem como propósito estudar as propriedades físicas elementares dos solos, assim como estas se influenciam entre si e aos parâmetros de compactação. O propósito do conhecimento destes parâmetros é a correta construção de novos aterros através da aplicação em camadas de materiais adequados. Assim, com o principal objetivo de fornecer uma alternativa viável e célere para a obtenção dos parâmetros da compactação (baridade máxima teórica e o teor em água ótimo), foram analisados os mais variados tipos dos solos. Para tal, foram levados a cabo, ao longo do período de estágio, centenas de ensaios laboratoriais, nomeadamente de identificação e compactação pesada, correntemente designado como proctor. Sendo os resultados obtidos alvo de análise estatística, mais concretamente análise de regressão e análise dos componentes principais (ACP), através da aplicação do software XLSTAT. Por fim, foram efetuadas correlações entre as propriedades elementares dos solos e os parâmetros da compactação, avaliando assim quais as mais fortes e fiáveis, por forma a concretizar os objetivos expostos.
Nowadays, in Civil and Geotechnical Engineering areas, earthmoving works have become a subject impossible to dismiss, as well as its indispensable quality control, by consequence. Concepts related to the eagerness and necessity for fast results, which allow projects to be completed in the shortest possible time lead to the search for simplified but theoretically substantiated alternatives. Therefore, the present dissertation aims to study the basic physical properties of soils, also how they influence each other and the compaction parameters. The purpose of knowing these parameters is the correct construction of new landfills by applying layers of suitable materials. Thus, with the main goal of providing a viable and fast alternative for obtaining the compaction parameters (theoretical maximum barity and optimal water content), the most variety of soil types were analyzed. To this end, hundreds of laboratory tests were carried out over the internship period, including identification and heavy compaction, commonly referred to as proctor. Being the results obtained the target of statistical analysis, more specifically regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), using the XLSTAT software application. Finally, correlations were made between the elemental properties of the soils and the compaction parameters, thus evaluating which ones were the strongest and most reliable, in order to achieve the stated purposes.
Nowadays, in Civil and Geotechnical Engineering areas, earthmoving works have become a subject impossible to dismiss, as well as its indispensable quality control, by consequence. Concepts related to the eagerness and necessity for fast results, which allow projects to be completed in the shortest possible time lead to the search for simplified but theoretically substantiated alternatives. Therefore, the present dissertation aims to study the basic physical properties of soils, also how they influence each other and the compaction parameters. The purpose of knowing these parameters is the correct construction of new landfills by applying layers of suitable materials. Thus, with the main goal of providing a viable and fast alternative for obtaining the compaction parameters (theoretical maximum barity and optimal water content), the most variety of soil types were analyzed. To this end, hundreds of laboratory tests were carried out over the internship period, including identification and heavy compaction, commonly referred to as proctor. Being the results obtained the target of statistical analysis, more specifically regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), using the XLSTAT software application. Finally, correlations were made between the elemental properties of the soils and the compaction parameters, thus evaluating which ones were the strongest and most reliable, in order to achieve the stated purposes.
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Keywords
Mecânica dos solos Classificações de solos Ensaios laboratoriais Compactação Análise de componentes principais Soil mechanics Soil classification Laboratory tests Compaction Principal component analysis