| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM_MarianaCosta_MSOL_2023 | 637.79 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A “terceira via” da responsabilidade civil surgiu no sistema jurídico alemão, no
contexto do direito das obrigações quando em presença de um inadimplemento pré
contratual.
Seguidor de RODOLF VAN JHERING, que terá sido o criador da
responsabilidade civil pré-contratual, CANARIS defendia a existência de uma
responsabilidade pela confiança, incorporando nesta os deveres de proteção e lealdade,
que constituiriam uma relação unitária de proteção.
Posteriormente, dada a existência de institutos que, por um lado não
correspondiam à natureza contratual e por outro, não se identificavam com a
responsabilidade civil extracontratual, levou a que uma parte da doutrina defendesse, em
termos progressistas, a chamada “terceira via” da responsabilidade civil.
Nesta “terceira via” da responsabilidade civil, se inclui, entre outras a chamada
culpa in contrahendo acolhida na legislação portuguesa no artigo 227º do Código Civil
(doravante abreviado para CC).
Este preceito, sob a epigrafe de “culpa na formação dos contratos” prevê que
“quem negoceia com outrem para a conclusão de um contrato deve, tanto nos preliminares
como na formação dele, preceder segundo as regras da boa fé, sob pena de responder
pelos danos que culposamente causar à outra parte”, o que evidencia a responsabilidade
civil que pode vir a ser apurada por eventuais danos decorrentes de atos ou omissões
verificados em fases anteriores à celebração do negócio jurídico, designadamente, em
sede de fase de negociação e posteriormente em sede de fase decisória.
The third way of civil responsibility arose in the German legal system, in the context of the law of obligations when there was a pre-contractual default. Following RODOLF VAN JHERING, who was the creator of pre-contractual civil responsibility, CANARIS defended the existence of a responsibility for trust, incorporating in this the duties of protection and loyalty, which would constitute a unitary relationship of protection. Subsequently, given the existence of institutes that, on the one hand, did not correspond to the contractual nature and, on the other hand, did not identify with noncontractual civil responsibility, led part of the doctrine to defend, in progressive terms, the so-called "third way" of civil responsibility. This "third way" of civil responsibility includes, among others, the so-called culpa in contrahendo, which is included in Portuguese legislation in Article 227 of the Civil Code (henceforth abbreviated to CC). This precept, under the heading of "fault in the formation of contracts", states that "whoever negotiates with another party for the conclusion of a contract must, both in the preliminary stages and in the formation of the contract, act in accordance with the rules of good faith, under penalty of being liable for any damage caused to the other party through fault", which shows the civil liability that may be determined for any damage resulting from acts or omissions that occurred in the stages prior to the conclusion of the legal transaction, namely in the negotiation phase and later in the decision-making phase.
The third way of civil responsibility arose in the German legal system, in the context of the law of obligations when there was a pre-contractual default. Following RODOLF VAN JHERING, who was the creator of pre-contractual civil responsibility, CANARIS defended the existence of a responsibility for trust, incorporating in this the duties of protection and loyalty, which would constitute a unitary relationship of protection. Subsequently, given the existence of institutes that, on the one hand, did not correspond to the contractual nature and, on the other hand, did not identify with noncontractual civil responsibility, led part of the doctrine to defend, in progressive terms, the so-called "third way" of civil responsibility. This "third way" of civil responsibility includes, among others, the so-called culpa in contrahendo, which is included in Portuguese legislation in Article 227 of the Civil Code (henceforth abbreviated to CC). This precept, under the heading of "fault in the formation of contracts", states that "whoever negotiates with another party for the conclusion of a contract must, both in the preliminary stages and in the formation of the contract, act in accordance with the rules of good faith, under penalty of being liable for any damage caused to the other party through fault", which shows the civil liability that may be determined for any damage resulting from acts or omissions that occurred in the stages prior to the conclusion of the legal transaction, namely in the negotiation phase and later in the decision-making phase.
Description
Keywords
responsabilidade civil “terceira via” da responsabilidade civil deveres de proteção responsabilidade pré-contratual