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Hoje em dia a preocupaĆ§Ć£o ambiental e a economia sĆ£o fatores de sustentabilidade que sĆ£o tidos em conta em paĆses desenvolvidos, especialmente no seio da UniĆ£o Europeia.
Reduzir os consumos de energia Ć©, portanto, um ponto-chave para a reduĆ§Ć£o das emissƵes de gases com efeito de estufa e aumentar a dependĆŖncia das energias renovĆ”veis. Consequentemente surge entĆ£o a necessidade de aumentar a eficiĆŖncia dos equipamentos, em particular no presente caso, equipamentos de refrigeraĆ§Ć£o. Para isso foi adotado pela ComissĆ£o Europeia uma rotulagem nos produtos consumidores de energia, em particular na refrigeraĆ§Ć£o, os frigorĆficos e congeladores domĆ©sticos permitindo informar o consumidor para os equipamentos mais eficientes. Mais recentemente, frigorĆficos comerciais e profissionais tambĆ©m terĆ£o obrigatoriedade de incluir um rĆ³tulo energĆ©tico na parte externa dos mesmos. Nesses rĆ³tulos estĆ£o incluĆdas vĆ”rias informaƧƵes tĆ©cnicas do aparelho representadas de uma forma compreensĆvel e lĆŗdica aos olhos do consumidor mais leigo, entre as quais as classes de eficiĆŖncia energĆ©tica.
As classes de eficiĆŖncia energĆ©tica caracterizam-se pela componente tecnolĆ³gica dos frigorĆficos. Perceber quais os componentes e materiais em particular que promovem uma melhor eficiĆŖncia, quantificar a sua influĆŖncia e avaliar os seus custos de integraĆ§Ć£o torna-se assim essencial para toda a cadeia envolvida na produĆ§Ć£o destes equipamentos.
Os fluĆdos frigorigĆ©nios e compressores aparentam ser os que mais exercem influĆŖncia na eficiĆŖncia de frigorĆficos de baixa potĆŖncia. Tubos capilares com trocador de calor sĆ£o uma escolha mais eficiente comparado com o tubo capilar padrĆ£o que Ć© utilizado nestes frigorĆficos.
Por forma a obter informaĆ§Ć£o adicional e relevante do ponto de vista da anĆ”lise energĆ©tica realizaram-se simulaƧƵes para determinaĆ§Ć£o do consumo elĆ©trico anual com recurso ao software Pack Calculation Pro. Entre os fluĆdos frigorigĆ©nios R-134a, R-22 e R-410a, os compressores scroll apresentaram consumos mais reduzidos (no mĆ”ximo de 16%) do que os compressores alternativos. No caso do amonĆaco (R-717) os compressores alternativos consumiram em mĆ©dia 14% menos do que os compressores parafuso. O recurso a velocidade variĆ”vel em compressores permite reduzir o consumo na ordem dos 25%. VĆ”lvulas de expansĆ£o eletrĆ³nicas trazem reduƧƵes no consumo de 1,5% quando comparadas com vĆ”lvulas de expansĆ£o termostĆ”ticas em compressores de velocidade variĆ”vel. O propano (R-290) Ć© um gĆ”s que mostra ter um melhor desempenho do que o R-134a e R404a em vĆ”rios compressores, consumindo 16% menos do que o R-404a. Em funĆ§Ć£o da temperatura exterior, o R-290 tambĆ©m apresentou um bom desempenho consumindo em climas quentes (BelĆ©m, Brasil) 24% menos do que o R-404a.
Nowadays environmental concerns and economy are sustainability factors to be considered in developed countries, especially within European Union. Reducing energy consumption is one of the key points to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and increase dependency for renewable energies. An approach to do it is increasing efficiency in appliances, particularly in the present case, refrigeration appliances. Therefore, European Commission applied a labelling in energy using products, including the refrigeration ones, like domestic refrigerators and freezers to allow the consumer to choose the most efficient ones. Recently, commercial and professional refrigerators will also have energy labelling on the outside of them. Technical information is included in a well perceptive way to any person, like efficiency energy classes. Energy efficiency classes are characterized by the technological components of the refrigerators. Understanding which components and materials promote a higher efficiency, quantifying their effect and evaluate their investment becomes essential to all the chain responsible for the manufacturing of this equipments. Refrigerants and compressors are those that apparently affect more the efficiency of low power refrigerators. Capillary copper heat exchanger are a more efficient choice compared with the standard capillary tube used in those refrigerators. Simulations in Pack Calculation Pro to determine electric annual energy consumption were made to complement additional information relevant in an energetic point of view. Considered the available refrigerants (R-134a, R-22 and R-410a), scroll compressors showed lower consumptions (16% maximum) than reciprocating compressors. With ammonia (R-717) consumptions of reciprocating compressors were on average 14% lower than screw compressors. The use of speed control in compressors allow a reduction around 25%. Electronic expansion valves bring a reduction of 1,5% compared with thermostatic expansion valves in compressors with speed control. Propane (R-290) proved to have better performance than R-134a and R-404a in several compressors, consuming around 16% less than R-404a. As to outside temperature, R-290 also showed good performance consuming in hot climates (Belem, Brazil) 24% less than R-404a.
Nowadays environmental concerns and economy are sustainability factors to be considered in developed countries, especially within European Union. Reducing energy consumption is one of the key points to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and increase dependency for renewable energies. An approach to do it is increasing efficiency in appliances, particularly in the present case, refrigeration appliances. Therefore, European Commission applied a labelling in energy using products, including the refrigeration ones, like domestic refrigerators and freezers to allow the consumer to choose the most efficient ones. Recently, commercial and professional refrigerators will also have energy labelling on the outside of them. Technical information is included in a well perceptive way to any person, like efficiency energy classes. Energy efficiency classes are characterized by the technological components of the refrigerators. Understanding which components and materials promote a higher efficiency, quantifying their effect and evaluate their investment becomes essential to all the chain responsible for the manufacturing of this equipments. Refrigerants and compressors are those that apparently affect more the efficiency of low power refrigerators. Capillary copper heat exchanger are a more efficient choice compared with the standard capillary tube used in those refrigerators. Simulations in Pack Calculation Pro to determine electric annual energy consumption were made to complement additional information relevant in an energetic point of view. Considered the available refrigerants (R-134a, R-22 and R-410a), scroll compressors showed lower consumptions (16% maximum) than reciprocating compressors. With ammonia (R-717) consumptions of reciprocating compressors were on average 14% lower than screw compressors. The use of speed control in compressors allow a reduction around 25%. Electronic expansion valves bring a reduction of 1,5% compared with thermostatic expansion valves in compressors with speed control. Propane (R-290) proved to have better performance than R-134a and R-404a in several compressors, consuming around 16% less than R-404a. As to outside temperature, R-290 also showed good performance consuming in hot climates (Belem, Brazil) 24% less than R-404a.
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Keywords
Etiquetagem energĆ©tica RefrigeraĆ§Ć£o Comercial Profissional SimulaĆ§Ć£o Energy label Refrigeration Commercial Professional Simulation