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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação versa sobre a análise de risco presente em problemas de sequenciamento de actividades com restrição de recursos, em particular em contextos multi-projecto.
O problema consiste no sequenciamento de dois ou mais projectos, que partilham recursos limitados. Referem-se os tipos de problemas de escalonamento de projectos existentes, quer na versão multi-projecto quer de um só projecto, e faz-se uma apresentação breve dos métodos de resolução propostos na literatura, quer para abordagens exactas, quer não- -exactas, podendo-se constatar que abordagens multi-projecto são pouco comuns.
Destaca-se ainda a importância da gestão do risco nos projectos e referem-se os conceitos principais que lhes estão associados, bem como de processos e ferramentas comummente utilizadas na monitorização e mitigação dos factores de risco.
Os factores de risco podem afectar as actividades presentes nos projectos, as suas durações, os custos envolvidos, os recursos afectados e até mesmo a sua viabilidade.
Neste trabalho são propostas medidas de risco que têm em conta a potencial alteração da duração de actividades de projectos. O cálculo do nível de criticidade de cada projecto terá em conta as folgas existentes em cada actividade e os índices de criticidade das actividades.
A abordagem proposta é exemplificada num pequeno problema com dois projectos concorrentes. Para diferentes soluções do mesmo problema, fornecidas por um software de escalonamento (Izaro Grey), são calculados e discutidos os níveis de risco atingidos por cada escalonamento.
This dissertation discusses the presence of risk in resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). Special emphasis is given to multi-project problems - the problem of scheduling two or more projects that share limited resources. A reference is made to different types of scheduling problems, in their multi-project and single-project versions. A brief presentation of the main resolution methods proposed in the literature, both exact and non-exact approaches, is also made. The literature review shows that the multi-project variants are seldom studied. The importance of risk management in projects is highlighted and the key concepts associated with it are addressed. The processes and tools commonly used to monitor and mitigate risks are also discussed. Risk can affect the activities in the projects: their duration, their costs, the resources they need and even their viability. In this document functions that take into account the possible changes in the duration of projects activities are proposed for risk evaluation. The criticity level of each project is calculated taking into account the slack of each activity and its criticity rate. The approach is exemplified in a small problem with two competing projects. For different solutions of the same problem, provided by the scheduling software (Izaro Grey), the risk levels achieved by each solution are calculated and discussed.
This dissertation discusses the presence of risk in resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). Special emphasis is given to multi-project problems - the problem of scheduling two or more projects that share limited resources. A reference is made to different types of scheduling problems, in their multi-project and single-project versions. A brief presentation of the main resolution methods proposed in the literature, both exact and non-exact approaches, is also made. The literature review shows that the multi-project variants are seldom studied. The importance of risk management in projects is highlighted and the key concepts associated with it are addressed. The processes and tools commonly used to monitor and mitigate risks are also discussed. Risk can affect the activities in the projects: their duration, their costs, the resources they need and even their viability. In this document functions that take into account the possible changes in the duration of projects activities are proposed for risk evaluation. The criticity level of each project is calculated taking into account the slack of each activity and its criticity rate. The approach is exemplified in a small problem with two competing projects. For different solutions of the same problem, provided by the scheduling software (Izaro Grey), the risk levels achieved by each solution are calculated and discussed.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Área de Especialização em Sistemas e Planeamento Industrial.
Keywords
Análise de risco Escalonamento de actividades Escalonamento multi-projecto com restrições de recursos
Citation
Publisher
Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto