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Publication
O Fenómeno do Sextortion: Perspetivas Jurídica e Tecnológica
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o fenómeno do
Cibersextortion, entendido como a prática pela qual um agente, recorrendo às
tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), ameaça publicar conteúdos íntimos de
uma vítima, com a intenção de obter vantagens patrimoniais, favores sexuais ou outras
condutas que a vítima não aceitaria voluntariamente. Esta definição, ao adotar o prefixo
“Ciber”, distingue o fenómeno de figuras próximas, como a extorsão ou a coação sexual
prevista no Código Penal e coloca-se no universo do ciberespaço. A questão central que
orienta a investigação consiste em analisar de que forma o ordenamento jurídico
português enquadra o Cibersextortion e em que medida a resposta legal e
jurisprudencial se revela adequada face à evolução tecnológica e ao carácter
transnacional do fenómeno. Para responder a esta questão, analisaram-se as condutas
típicas mais comuns, que combinam engenharia social, manipulação psicológica, criação
de perfis falsos e recurso a malware, incluindo práticas como quishing e deepfakes.
Por fim, conclui-se que o Cibersextortion afeta bens jurídicos diversos, abrangendo, não
só a liberdade de autodeterminação sexual, a reserva da intimidade da vida privada e o
património, mas igualmente a segurança e a confidencialidade de redes e sistemas
informáticos ou, ainda, a privacidade e integridade dos dados pessoais. Constata-se
ademais, uma significativa dispersão normativa, o que reforça a necessidade de investir
na cibersegurança, na literacia digital e na cooperação internacional como meios
essenciais para mitigar a proliferação do Cibersextortion e garantir a tutela efetiva dos
direitos fundamentais.
This dissertation aims to understand the phenomenon of Cybersextortion, understood as the practice whereby an agent, using information and communication technologies (ICT), threatens to publish a victim's intimate content with the intent of obtaining financial advantages, sexual favors, or other conducts that the victim would not voluntarily accept. This definition, by adopting the prefix "Cyber," distinguishes the phenomenon from related concepts, such as extortion or sexual coercion as defined in the Penal Code, and situates it within the realm of cyberspace. The central research question is to analyze how the Portuguese legal framework addresses Cybersextortion and to what extent the legal and jurisprudential response proves adequate in the face of technological evolution and the transnational character of the phenomenon. To answer this question, this research analyzes the most common typical conducts, which combine social engineering, psychological manipulation, the creation of fake profiles, and the use of malware, including practices such as quishing and deepfakes. Finally, the study concludes that Cybersextortion affects a diverse range of legally protected interests, encompassing not only the freedom of sexual self-determination, the right to privacy, and property, but also the security and confidentiality of computer networks and systems, as well as the privacy and integrity of personal data. Furthermore, a significant legislative fragmentation is noted, which reinforces the need to invest in cybersecurity, digital literacy, and international cooperation as essential means to mitigate the proliferation of Cybersextortion and to ensure the effective protection of fundamental rights.
This dissertation aims to understand the phenomenon of Cybersextortion, understood as the practice whereby an agent, using information and communication technologies (ICT), threatens to publish a victim's intimate content with the intent of obtaining financial advantages, sexual favors, or other conducts that the victim would not voluntarily accept. This definition, by adopting the prefix "Cyber," distinguishes the phenomenon from related concepts, such as extortion or sexual coercion as defined in the Penal Code, and situates it within the realm of cyberspace. The central research question is to analyze how the Portuguese legal framework addresses Cybersextortion and to what extent the legal and jurisprudential response proves adequate in the face of technological evolution and the transnational character of the phenomenon. To answer this question, this research analyzes the most common typical conducts, which combine social engineering, psychological manipulation, the creation of fake profiles, and the use of malware, including practices such as quishing and deepfakes. Finally, the study concludes that Cybersextortion affects a diverse range of legally protected interests, encompassing not only the freedom of sexual self-determination, the right to privacy, and property, but also the security and confidentiality of computer networks and systems, as well as the privacy and integrity of personal data. Furthermore, a significant legislative fragmentation is noted, which reinforces the need to invest in cybersecurity, digital literacy, and international cooperation as essential means to mitigate the proliferation of Cybersextortion and to ensure the effective protection of fundamental rights.
Description
Keywords
Cibercrime Cibersextortion Crime Ofensores Vítimas