Loading...
2 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
- Isothiazolinone Biocides: Chemistry, Biological, and Toxicity ProfilesPublication . Silva, Vânia; Silva, Catia; Soares, Pedro; Garrido, E. Manuela; Borges, Fernanda; Garrido, J.The importance of isothiazole and of compounds containing the isothiazole nucleus has been growing over the last few years. Isothiazolinones are used in cosmetic and as chemical additives for occupational and industrial usage due to their bacteriostatic and fungiostatic activity. Despite their effectiveness as biocides, isothiazolinones are strong sensitizers, producing skin irritations and allergies and may pose ecotoxicological hazards. Therefore, their use is restricted by EU legislation. Considering the relevance and importance of isothiazolinone biocides, the present review describes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding their synthesis, antibacterial components, toxicity (including structure-activity-toxicity relationships) outlines, and (photo)chemical stability. Due to the increasing prevalence and impact of isothiazolinones in consumer's health, analytical methods for the identification and determination of this type of biocides were also discussed.
- Influence of Combining Real-time and Fixed Tariffs in the Demand Response Aggregation and Remuneration Scheems DefinitionPublication . Silva, Catia; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaThe electric sector revolution towards Smart Grids, requires new market models. The authors propose a business model that allows the virtual power player to manage the small resources like distributed generation units, consumers belonging to demand response programs, and prosumers. Grouping these resources and remunerating them according to the maximum tariff of the group that was allocated is proposed. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether the tariff associated with each resource influences or not the formation of groups when applying the clustering method. Three case studies were carried out: aggregation only with the potential of each resource, power and the fixed tariff and, finally, taking into account a tariff that changes according to the period of the day.