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- Energy and exergy analysis of co-gasification of crude glycerol and animal fat mixturesPublication . Almeida, Ana; Pilão, Rosa Maria; Ramalho, Elisa; Pinho, CarlosThis work presents an energy and exergy analysis of co-gasification tests of crude glycerol and animal fat mixtures, in order to obtain first and second law efficiencies, the last ones representing a novelty in the field of gasification technology. Mixtures with 5% (w/w) of dry animal fat, 57% (w/w) of dry treated crude glycerol and 38% (w/w) of water were studied in a fixed bed down flow gasification reactor at 800°C and 900°C. The increase of gasification temperature seems not to affect the energy and exergy yields of the overall process.
- Effect of catalyst on the producer gas composition from co-gasification of glycerol/fat mixturesPublication . Cruz, Amaro; Ramalho, Elisa; Ribeiro, Albina; Pilão, Rosa MariaIn this work, steam reforming of crude glycerol and animal fat mixtures was studied. The tests were carried out at temperatures of 700 °C and 750 °C in a fixed bed reactor using activated alumina or dolomite particles, to evaluate the catalytic capacity of these minerals in the removal of tar from the producer gas. The gas produced was quantified and analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was concluded that its composition is greatly influenced by the bed material used. The results obtained showed that dolomite is more effective in reducing the tar content, evidencing its ability to catalyze the tar reform reactions and promoting the water-gas shift reaction. Consequently, using dolomite as a catalyst, a producer gas with 47–48 vol% in H and 27–30 vol% in CO2 was obtained, while using a bed of alumina particles, a gas with a high CO content (45–48 vol%) and lower H content (34–37 vol%) was produced.
- Co-gasification of glycerol/fat mixtures in a downflow fixed bed reactor: Preliminary resultsPublication . Almeida, A.; Pilão, Rosa Maria; Ramalho, Elisa; Ribeiro, A.M.; Pinho, CarlosThe aim of this work was to assess the technical viability of glycerol/fat co-gasification. The gasification performance was studied in a downflow fixed bed reactor using steam as oxidizing agent. Tests were performed with a mixture of 10% of fat and 52% of water, and the effect of temperature was evaluated in the 800 ºC to 950 ºC range. Samples of dry gas from the gasifier were collected and analysed by gas chromatography in order to determine the CO, CO2, CH4 and H2 content. The results revealed that the co-gasification of glycerol/fat mixtures seems to be a feasible technical option. Best results of the gasification parameters were obtained at the highest tested temperature, 950 °C.
- Co-Gasification of Crude Glycerol/Animal Fat MixturesPublication . Almeida, Ana F.; Pilão, Rosa Maria; Ribeiro, Albina; Ramalho, Elisa; Pinho, CarlosThe aim of this work was to assess the technical viability of glycerol/fat co-gasification. The gasification performance was studied in a downflow fixed bed reactor using activated alumina particles as bed material and steam as oxidizing agent. The effect of gasification temperature, from 800 to 950 °C was studied with a feed mixture with 10% (w/w) of animal fat. The influence of fat incorporation on the feedstock in the overall gasification process was also performed, using 3% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) of fat in feed mixtures. Samples of dry gas from the gasifier were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography in order to determine the CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 content. The best results were obtained using the highest tested temperature, 950 °C, and using 3% (w/w) of animal fat in the feed mixture. The overall results revealed that the co-gasification of glycerol/animal fat mixtures seems to be a feasible technical option