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- Effect of catalyst on the producer gas composition from co-gasification of glycerol/fat mixturesPublication . Cruz, Amaro; Ramalho, Elisa; Ribeiro, Albina; Pilão, Rosa MariaIn this work, steam reforming of crude glycerol and animal fat mixtures was studied. The tests were carried out at temperatures of 700 °C and 750 °C in a fixed bed reactor using activated alumina or dolomite particles, to evaluate the catalytic capacity of these minerals in the removal of tar from the producer gas. The gas produced was quantified and analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was concluded that its composition is greatly influenced by the bed material used. The results obtained showed that dolomite is more effective in reducing the tar content, evidencing its ability to catalyze the tar reform reactions and promoting the water-gas shift reaction. Consequently, using dolomite as a catalyst, a producer gas with 47–48 vol% in H and 27–30 vol% in CO2 was obtained, while using a bed of alumina particles, a gas with a high CO content (45–48 vol%) and lower H content (34–37 vol%) was produced.
- Catalytic co-gasification of glycerol/fat mixtures: experimental vs thermodynamic equilibrium resultsPublication . Cruz, A. C.; Ramalho, Elisa; Pilão, Rosa MariaIn this work, the co-gasification of treated crude glycerol and animal fat was studied using steam as the gasification agent. Tests were performed in a downflow fixed bed reactor with a bed composed of catalyst particles of dolomite. The gasification process was studied using a mixture with 59% of glycerol, 3% of fat, and 38% of water and tests were carried out at 700 °C and 750 °C. The producer gas was quantified and analyzed by gas chromatography obtaining, for the tested temperatures, between 48 and 47% of H2, about 13% of CO, 11% of CH4, and CO2 content between 30 and 27%. The results showed that the use of dolomite as a catalyst promotes the production of a gas rich in H2 and CO2. The results also show that the gasification parameters increase with temperature. Maximum values of 0.92 m3/kg for dry gas yield, 70.6% for cold gas efficiency, and 58% and 40.9% for carbon and hydrogens efficiencies were obtained. The gasification process was evaluated using the non-stoichiometric chemical equilibrium model. The results obtained showed that the real gasification process does not reach chemical equilibrium.