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- Instrumentation used to assess pain in osteopathic interventions: A critical literature reviewPublication . Santiago, Rui José; Esteves, Jorge; Baptista, João Santos; Marques, António Torres; Costa, José TorresA variety of different scales have been used to measure the intensity of pain in osteopathic-specific clinical studies; however, the criteria for the options are not always clear or reported. To compare the different questionnaires used by researchers for assessing the intensity of pain in clinical trials in osteopathy and analyse the reasons for their choice. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using 7 electronic databases (SCOPUS, Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, PEDro, OSTMED.DR, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) for Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) articles, studying the efficacy/effectiveness of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) in reducing pain intensity. Only articles in English from 2012 to 2019 were selected. We used the Jadad score to assess the risk of bias. 130 studies were initially identified with a total of 26 included in this review. Sixteen studies used the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), four the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the remaining used other options. Researchers did not always provide an appropriate justification for their chosen evaluation instrument. The overall quality of the studies was considered moderate. Researchers in the field of osteopathy and other health care professions should provide a clear rationale for their chosen tools for measuring the intensity of pain, and these should align with the study design and objectives.
- The portuguese Osteopathic Practitioners Estimates and RAtes (OPERA): A cross-sectional surveyPublication . Santiago, Rui José; Nunes, Alexandre; Esteves, Jorge Eduardo; Cerritelli, Francesco; Verbeeck, Johan; Lopes, Sónia; Paquete, Manuel; van Dun, PatrickA voluntary online-based survey was distributed across Portugal between February and June 2020. The survey, composed of 52 questions and seven sections, was formally translated from English to Portuguese and adapted from the original version. Two pilot tests evaluated cultural adaptation and reproducibility. Adult, self-defined osteopaths working in Portugal were eligible. Recruitment of participants was performed through social media and an e-based campaign. A total of 222 osteopaths participated in the study, 143 were male (64%), aging between 30 and 39 years (42%), mainly working in Lisbon (30%). Most respondents had preliminary healthcare training (68%), mainly as massage therapists. The majority of respondents were self-employed (83%), owner of a clinic (55%) and working alone (59%). The median number of consultations per week was 21–25 and respondents scheduled 46–60 min for each consultation. The majority of patients seek care for lumbar (52%), cervical (38%) and upper spine (38%) complaints. Although most respondents experience a strong osteopathic identity, they do not advertise themselves exclusively as osteopaths. This study represents the first nationwide document to determine osteopaths' characteristics in Portugal. The study results provide a basis for future surveys that will include cohorts with higher levels of education, as well as findings from other European countries.
- Results of a feasibility randomised controlled trial of osteopathy on neck-shoulder pain in computer usersPublication . Santiago, Rui José; Esteves, Jorge Eduardo; Baptista, João Santos; Magalhães, André; Costa, José TorresComputer use is a well-known source of chronic pain, leading to absenteeism and reduced productivity and well-being. This study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a full-scale randomised controlled trial. Several methodological variables defined trial feasibility. Of 77 participants interested, 30 were included and randomised into three groups of ten. All participants concluded the study, and all the data was analysed. The feasibility outcomes were deemed appropriate. No adverse events or severe side effects were reported or identified. Studying the efficacy of osteopathic consultation on computer users by conducting an RCT is feasible and safe. With adjustments, a full-scale study can be designed.
- Response to: Models and theoretical frameworks for osteopathic care - A critical view and call for updates and researchPublication . Santiago, Rui José; Campos, Bruno; Moita, João; Nunes, AlexandrePracticing osteopathy in a country where it has recently been regulated at an academic level, and recognizing the absolute importance of background education in professional practice.
- Impact of a ten-minute typing task in the development of trapezius myalgiaPublication . Santiago, Rui José; Baptista, João Santos; Magalhães, André; Costa, José TorresComputer use, as in typing, might contribute to trapezius myalgia (TM) development by increasing upper trapezius (UT) muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether 10 min of performing a typing task by a population at risk would show significant changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) measurements. Supported and unsupported forearms postures are compared. Sixteen asymptomatic volunteers with minimum daily use of a computer of 5 h were randomized into two groups: fully supported forearms (n = 8) and unsupported forearms (n = 8). The protocol consisted of 10 min of a typing task, and the workstation was set according to the usual participant profile. sEMG and PPT readings were collected from both UT muscles. PPT and sEMG readings were not significantly different among the two groups. Supported forearms had less reduction of PPT and a smaller increase in electrical activity. Ten minutes of typing seems insufficient to observe any significant changes that could lead to TM development.
- Total forearm support during a typing task may reduce the risk of Trapezius' Myalgia development.Publication . Santiago, Rui José; Baptista, João Santos; Magalhães, André; Costa, José TorresEvaluate the influence of alternating the position of the upper limbs, between fully supported and unsupported forearms, in the Upper Trapezius (UT) activity during a typing task on a straight-edged desk. Ergonomic barriers, such as reduced desk area, is one of the reasons that force computer users to work without supporting their forearms. Unsupported forearms may lead to increased UT muscle fatigue, increasing the potential for lesions, with Trapezius Myalgia (TM) being a possible outcome. 15 healthy volunteers were assessed (6 females, average age of 3,7 ± 9,5 years old). The protocol included an alternated position of forearms every 5 min between fully supported and unsupported forearms, with a 20-min total duration of a typing task. Surface electromyography readings were collected from both UTs. Significant differences were found in the variation of the EMG signal between the two positions for the non-dominant arm after 10 min (p < .05) of typing. The non-dominant UT registered higher levels of activity than the dominant UT. Supported forearms reduced the electrical activity in both UTs, with a greater difference in the non-dominant. This study consolidates the current knowledge that unsupported upper limb during typing tasks significantly increases UT’s electrical activity. By fully supporting the forearm, that activity is reduced. Females and the non-dominant UT showed higher electrical activity, potentially increasing the risk of developing TM. Healthcare providers, safety and health professionals, and ergonomists should be mindful of the forearm position when advising computer users to prevent TM.