ISEP – DEG – Comunicações em eventos científicos
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- Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping and Ancestral Systems of Water Galleries (Porto Urban Area, NW Portugal): A Design on Nature-Based SolutionsPublication . Freitas, Liliana; Afonso, Maria José; Devy-Vareta, Nicole; Pereira, Alcides J. S. C.; Carvalho, José Martins; Chaminé, Helder I.Groundwater resources are crucial to the settlement of populations, and their quantity and quality are essential to the development of urban areas. In fact, nature-based solutions for water were considered in many places using ancestral systems of water galleries and springs to supply urban areas. That design based in natural solutions had proven during centuries to be much less demanding and resourceful. A multidisciplinary approach was applied in Porto urban area (NW Portugal), to assess the urban groundwater supply and ancestral network of water galleries and springs. The infiltration potential index in urban areas (IPI-Urban) is dependent on several parameters (e.g. lithology, structure, weathering grade, morphotectonics, land use, drainage, slope, rainfall, anthropogenic and urban hydraulic features, like the water supply, the sewer and the stormwater networks) which can be overlapped and cross-linked in a GIS environment. Moreover, several vulnerability indexes (DRASTIC, GODS, DRASTIC-Fm, SINTACS and SI) were outlined within a combined approach, and an evaluation of urban recharge was performed. All these permitted to improve the hydrogeological conceptual model for Porto urban area. Therefore, those old underground structures could be a positive asset as socio-economic, environmental and heritage drivers if are used nature-based solutions and good geoethical practices.
- Over Fifty Years of Hydrogeological Practice and Geoethics: An Intergenerational View of a Changing WorldPublication . Carvalho, José Martins; Chaminé, Helder I.The exercise of professional hydrogeology is a privilege that requires sound scientific and technical knowledge, field training and interpersonal skills. A skilled hydrogeologist is required to have ethics, deontology, integrity, eco-responsibility, leadership, and behaviour but also the acceptance of the high-standards and codes of ethics and boundaries to avoid discrimination and harassment. In addition, the hydrogeology practice must encompass the geoethical approach. Water supply and infrastructure design and construction for groundwater monitoring are not popular nowadays around the scientific and technical community. However, thousands and thousands of wells and boreholes are drilled worldwide annually, without appropriate hydrogeological support. A professional hydrogeologist cannot support, for example, policies of abandon of fieldwork, leaving the aquifer exploitation restrained to high levels of management and governance. Those practices must be developed through proper conceptual site modelling based on field and laboratory data, complemented by GIS mapping, geovisualization techniques, numerical tools to predict scenarios and climate change understanding. On the ethical point of view, this systematic methodology underpins personal scientific integrity but also a comprehensive understanding of the problem to solve. That includes the moral decisions to be made regarding the undertake of the pure and applied hydrogeology in the practice, as well as the professional appropriate use of the scientific advancements in groundwater science, technology, and management.
- Forecasting and Mass Transport Modelling of Nitrates in the Esposende–Vila Do Conde Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (Portugal)Publication . Zeferino, Joel; Carvalho, Maria Rosário; Ferreira, Tânia; Silva, Maria Catarina; Afonso, Maria José; Freitas, Liliana; Lopes, Ana Rita; Jesus, Rosário; Batista, Sofia; Chaminé, Helder I.; Carvalho, José MartinsEsposende–Vila do Conde, a nitrate-vulnerable zone, in the littoral north of Portugal, is contaminated by nitrates of an agricultural origin. Measures have been implemented to reduce that contamination. The effectiveness of the measures was evaluated, predicting the time required for the groundwater body reach the quality standard, i.e., less than 50 mg/L for dissolved nitrates. Two methodologies were used, groundwater flow and nitrates transport modelling, and predictive analysis of time series. The transient simulation of nitrate transport shows that the minimization measures imposed in the NVZ are being effective. However, the persistence of concentrations above 50 mg/L in some areas is notorious even in the next 24 years. The forecasting points out to a recovery period of ten years if current agricultural practices are maintained. The prediction of NO3 concentration based on forecasting methodology may not be applicable in the long run because it is a punctual analysis, not taking into consideration the contaminant dispersion dependent on the aquifer characteristics.
- Groundwater Favourable Infiltration Zones on Granitic Areas (Central Portugal)Publication . Carvalho, José Martins; Afonso, Maria José; Teixeira, José; Freitas, Liliana; Lopes, Ana Rita; Jesus, Rosário; Batista, Sofia; Carvalho, Rosário; Chaminé, Helder I.The Infiltration Potential Index (IPI) was used at Castelo Novo (Fundão, Central Portugal) to delineate favourable infiltration zones. The Infiltration Potential Index is a valuable tool to include in integrated water resources management in crystalline fractured rocks. An integrated approach combining hydrogeomorphology and GIS was developed applying multiple layers of information (tectonic lineaments, hydrogeological units, slope, drainage, land use, and precipitation). Different ranks were assigned to thematic layers and different weights were given to classes according to their contribution for groundwater using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) methodology. Almost 80% of the area is covered by slightly to moderately weathered (W1–2–W3) granite, having slopes of 5–15° and 15–25°, tectonic lineaments densities of 6–12 km/km2 and 12–18 km/km2 and drainage densities of 6–9 km/km2 and >9 km/km2. Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations and bare rocks dominate. A moderate to high Infiltration Potential Index (IPI) is dominant in the area.
- Hydrological Risks in Natural Hazards Focused on the Role of the Water: Studies on LandslidesPublication . Sousa, Luis; Vargas, Eurípedes; Sousa, Rita; Chaminé, Helder I.Landslides are one of the most important natural hazards on Earth. Landslide mechanisms related to hydrology are analyzed with a focus on the major risks, and formal risk assessment methodologies are presented. The management of accidents in slopes is discussed, with particular emphasis on Hong Kong and to Rio de Janeiro. Specific aspects of slope instability in the state of Rio de Janeiro are discussed, with a focus on cases that occurred in the mountainous region of the State. The megadisaster occurred in 2011, with high number of deaths and significant economic losses, is studied with particular incidence in individual landslides. A description of occurrence of large landslides in China is also presented. The modeling of catastrophic flow-type slide at Shenzhen landfill induced by intense rainfall is introduced and referred to large number of landslides happened during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 is mentioned.