ESS - ACSP - Análises Clínicas e Saúde Pública
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- Acute effects of physical exercise with microcurrent in the adipose tissue of the abdominal region: A randomized controlled trialPublication . Noites, Andreia; Moreira, Anabela; Melo, Cristina; Faria, Miriam; Vilarinho, Rui; Freitas, Carla; Monteiro, Pedro; Carvalho, Paulo; Adubeiro, Nuno; Sousa, Maria; Santos, Rubim; Nogueira, LuisaIncreased abdominal fat and sedentary lifestyles contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. Low-intensity electrical current (microcurrent) on the abdominal region, associated with physical exercise, appears to be an innovative method to increase the lipolytic rate of abdominal adipocytes, in order to reduce abdominal fat. This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of microcurrent associated with an aerobic exercise program in healthy subjects in lipolysis. A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was developed and conducted in a higher education school. Eighty-three healthy subjects, aged between 18 and 30 years old and with a 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m2 body mass index were randomly assigned either to an experimental or to a placebo group. Subjects received a trans-abdominal microcurrent stimulation for 40 min with (experimental group) or without (placebo group) electrical current, followed by a single aerobic exercise session (60 min at 45–55% VO2max intensity). Lipolytic activity (serum glycerol), abdominal fat (waist circumference, abdominal skinfold, ultrasonography), and serum lipid profile (serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were evaluated in all subjects. Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and dietary intake (food-frequency questionnaire) questionnaires were applied. After the intervention, lipolytic rate was significantly higher (p = 0.003) in the experimental group (mean = 0.15) than in the placebo group (mean = 0.09). Glycerol results showed a statistically significant increase between baseline and after the intervention for both experimental group (p = 0.001) and the placebo group (p = 0.001). Combined use of microcurrent and physical aerobic exercise had an acute effect enhancing lipolytic rate comparing to exercise alone, in young healthy subjects.
- Adaptação de um instrumento para avaliar a satisfação na área da saúde mentalPublication . Mota, Sandra; Moreira, Anabela; Ferreira, Stephanie; Amorim, ManuelaA avaliação da satisfação dos utentes de instituições de saúde tem sido uma área de interesse crescente. Contudo, nas instituições de saúde mental, este interesse é mais recente, refletindo a necessidade destas instituições também demonstrarem a qualidade dos seus serviços. Tendo como objetivo adaptar um instrumento para avaliar a satisfação dos utentes de internamento na área da saúde mental, procedeu-se à adaptação cultural e linguística de um instrumento já validado em Itália “The Rome Opinion Questionnaire for Psychiatric Wards”. Procedeu-se à sua tradução e retro tradução do instrumento original, comparação entre as duas versões na língua original, deteção, identificação e correção de possíveis discrepâncias entre as duas versões, concluindo-se assim a equivalência linguística e semântica do instrumento, resultando deste processo a primeira versão do instrumento. Dos resultados obtidos através da opinião e sugestões expressas pelos elementos do painel de peritos, destacaram-se alterações ao enunciado de vários itens, contudo este painel considerou que todos os itens eram relevantes e importantes para o estudo da satisfação e que as opções de resposta estavam devidamente ordenadas e coerentes com o que desejavam exprimir. Das alterações realizadas resultou a segunda versão do instrumento. Com este trabalho ficou concluída a adaptação cultural e linguística de instrumento de avaliação da satisfação dos utentes na área da saúde mental.
- Adaptação fisiológica a situações de stress competitivo: avaliação do Cortisol Salivar em atletasPublication . Meireles, Marcelo; Ferreira, Stephanie; Lamas, M.C.; Mota, Sandra; Amorim, ManuelaNa tentativa de compreender de que forma a atividade física sob stress influenciam o nosso organismo, vários estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com atletas de competição, por estarem submetidos a inúmeras fontes de stress. Os níveis de cortisol salivar têm sido utilizados para a análise do stress, nomeadamente, desportivo, na medida em que este pode afetar negativamente o seu desempenho.
- Análise da relação fenótipo/genótipo HLA no transplante renalPublication . Cunha, S.; Dias, M.; Amorim, Manuela; Condeço, J.A melhor opção terapêutica na maioria dos pacientes em fase final de insuficiência renal é o transplante renal (TR). O estudo da compatibilidade do TR é feito através da caracterização dos antigénios leucocitários humanos (HLA). Neste estudo analisou-se a relação fenótipo/genótipo HLA no TR em 5 pares dador/receptor. Fenotipicamente os pares foram iguais, no entanto, genotipicamente verificou-se a existência de um discordante. Independentemente deste achado, nenhum dos recetores desenvolveu anticorpos específicos contra o enxerto, sugerindo que a relação fenótipo/genótipo HLA não é causa única e indiscutível na rejeição do enxerto.
- Análise dos valores da vitamina D em diferentes grupos populacionaisPublication . Mota, Sílvia; Lopes, Maria; Lamas, Maria Céu; Sousa, MariaA vitamina D é uma hormona que atua diretamente na saúde óssea, no crescimento celular saudável, na imunidade, na musculatura, no metabolismo e noutros sistemas, como o sistema cardiovascular e o sistema nervoso. A sua formação implica uma primeira hidroxilação no fígado, pela 25-hidroxilase, a 25-OHD. Assim, o nível sérico de 25-OHD é o melhor indicador do conteúdo corporal de vitamina D. Um número crescente de estudos tem vindo a associar a insuficiência de vitamina D com aumento do risco para diversas patologias, como doenças cardiovasculares.
- Anomalias citogenéticas associadas ao aumento da translucência da nucaPublication . Silva, Bianca; Pires, Sílvia; Moreira, Teresa; Mota, Sandra; Sousa, MariaA translucência da nuca (TN) traduz-se numa zona hipoecogénica de líquido acumulado no triângulo posterior do pescoço do feto, avaliada entre as 11 a 13 semanas gestacionais, aumentada se ≥ percentil 95 (p95). É o marcador ecográfico de maior sensibilidade no rastreio de anomalias cromossómicas, sendo associado o seu aumento a achados citogenéticos como Trissomia 21,18 e 13, Monossomia do X e triploidias.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci in oral and nasal cavitiesPublication . Sousa, Marta; Sampaio Maia, Benedita; Costa, Carolina; Campos, Carla; Campos, JoanaStaphylococcus infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to the growing number of resistant strains to old and new antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is referenced as the most clinically relevant but other species, known as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), have emerged as major causes of serious infections. Although nostrils are considered Staphylococcus preferred host habitat, the oral cavity has also been appointed as a relevant reservoir. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility (AS) of nasal and oral staphylococci isolates. Therefore, AS was determined to 102 nasal and 90 oral isolates, previously recovered from dentistry students, by disc diffusion agar for amoxicillin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole following the EUCAST/CLSI guidelines. In either nasal (N) or oral (O) cavities, the Staphylococcus isolates included 22% of S. aureus and 78% of CoNS isolates, namely S. epidermidis (41%-N,37%-O), S. warneri (15%-N,16%-O), S. capitis (10%-N,4%-O), S. saprophyticus (9%-N,6%-O), S. pasteuri (7%-O), S. lugdunensis (3%-O), and other (S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. sciuri, S. cohnii, and S. condimenti/S. carnosus). All S. aureus isolates presented resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 36% in oral and 25% in nasal cavities presented multidrug resistance (MDR). Among CoNS 65% in oral and 49% in nasal cavities presented resistance to at least one antibiotic, and ~5% presented MDR, namely isolates of S. epidermidis, S. pasteuri, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis. In conclusion, this study revealed the relevance of the oral cavity as a colonization site for Staphylococcus, including S. aureus, and as a potential source/reservoir of antibiotic resistance, which has been widely neglected so far, highlighting the need for oral cavity inclusion in the Staphylococcus carriage and antibiotic screening.
- Antipsychotic therapy and biochemical laboratory profile characterization of a sample of patients diagnosed with schizophreniaPublication . Amorim, Manuela; Moreira, A.; Condeço, Jorge; Monteiro, Pedro; Marques, António; Summavielle, TeresaSchizophrenia (SCZ) patients are reported to present significant abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism, that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, possibly induced by antipsychotic therapy (APT) and lifestyle.
- Application of cryolipolysis in adipose tissue: A systematic reviewPublication . Resende, Leonor; Noites, Andreia; Amorim, ManuelaCryolipolysis is characterized by localized and controlled cooling of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, in a non-invasive way, causing a localized panniculitis, followed by adipocyte death by apoptosis and, consequently, a decrease in adipose tissue in the treated area. To evaluate the scientific evidence and methodological qualities about effects, adverse reactions, and level of satisfaction of cryolipolysis for the reduction of sub cutaneous adipose tissue. A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA recommen dation. Searches were conducted in different databases. We included studies that used a randomized control and self-control design and were carried out in humans. Articles published in English and Portuguese were screened, with no time limit regard ing the year of publication. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Rob2 scale. Of 381 articles, seven were considered eligible for inclusion. After applying the Cochrane Rob2 scale, five studies were included in the final sample. Most studies showed significant results for cryolipolysis in reducing localized fat. The incorpora tion of a dietary program into the treatment was shown to contribute to a significant improvement in the lipid profile and liver enzymes, which does not happen when cry olipolysis is applied in isolation. Rare adverse effects have been identified, but never persisting beyond a month. Cryolipolysis is an effective technique for reducing localized fat, safe, and well tolerated, with most participants satisfied at the end of the treatment. However, more randomized controlled studies should be carried out, since there is a limited number of articles with good methodological quality.
- Assessment of the presence of Acinetobacter spp. resistant to β-lactams in commercial ready-to-eat salad samplesPublication . Costa-Ribeiro, Ana; Azinheiro, Sarah; Mota, Sandra; Prado, Marta; Lamas, Alexandre; Garrido-Maestu, AlejandroAcinetobacter baumannii is a well-known nosocomial infection causing agent. However, other Acinetobacter spp. have also been implicated in cases of human infection. Additionally, these bacteria are known for the development of antibiotic resistance thus making the treatment of the infections they cause, challenging. Due to their relevance in clinical setups less attention has been paid to their presence in foods, and its relation with infection/ dissemination routes. In the current study commercial Ready-To-Eat (RTE) salads were analyzed seeking for antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter spp. A preliminary screening allowed us to recover Gram-negative bacteria resistant to β – lactams using cefotaxime, third generation cephalosporins, as the selective agent, and this was followed by identification with CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter and 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, the isolates identified as Acinetobacter spp. were reanalyzed by PCR to determine the presence of nine potential Extended Spectrum β Lactamases (ESBL). Two commercial RTE salad brands were included in the study (2 batches per brand and 8 samples of each batch making a total of 32 independent samples), and compared against an organic lettuce. High concentrations of β – lactam, resistant bacteria were found in all the samples tested (5 log CFU/g). Additionally, 209 isolates were phenotypically characterized on CHROMagar Acinetobacter. Finally, PCR analysis identified the presence of different ESBL genes, being positive for blaACC, blaSHV, blaDHA and blaVEB; out of these, blaACC was the most prevalent. None of the isolates screened were positive for more than one gene. To conclude, it is important to highlight the fact that pathogenic species within the genus Acinetobacter spp., other than A. baumannii, have been identified bearing resistance genes not typically associated to these microorganisms highlight the importance of continuous surveillance.