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- The day after binge: Electrophysiological correlates of attention and working memory processing the day after hazardous alcohol intakePublication . Rodrigues, R.; López-Caneda, E.; Antunes, Natália Almeida; Sampaio, A.; Crego, A.Binge drinking (BD) is a prevalent pattern of alcohol consumption among young adults, with significant cognitive and neural implications. While its long-term effects on executive function and memory have been widely studied, less is known about the short-term consequences of the hangover state. This study investigates the impact of BD and alcohol hangover on working memory and attention. Fifty-two university students (24 Binge drinkers [BDs]; 28 control) participated in an EEG-based continuous performance task (CPT). BD participants were assessed on a non-drinking day and during hangover state, while controls completed a single assessment. The P3 and late positive component (LPC) event-related potentials were analyzed to examine attentional and memory-related processes. While no significant behavioral differences were observed, neurophysiological analyses revealed altered cognitive processing associated with both the long-term consequences of BD behavior and its short-term effects (i.e., during the hangover state). Specifically, during hangover, BDs P3 and LPC amplitudes were significantly reduced in both conditions, indicating impairments in attentional resource allocation and memory processing. In contrast, BDs exhibited larger LPC amplitudes for both conditions on a non-drinking day than controls, suggesting the engagement of compensatory neural mechanisms. Additionally, in the hangover state, reduced P3 correlated with increased alcohol craving, while lower LPC amplitudes in hangover state were associated with greater alcohol intake during BD episode in the preceding day. These findings highlight acute neurocognitive disruptions during hangover and give emphasis to the concerning cumulative impact of repeated BD episodes long-term.
- Targeted mass spectrometry method for the determination of multiple gut-microbiota metabolites in human plasmaPublication . Fernandes, Sara R.; Barreiros, Luísa; Azorín, Cristian; Silva, Eduarda M.P.; Segundo, Marcela A.; Barreiros, LuisaThe gut microbiota profoundly impacts human health by producing metabolites that can act as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, accurately measuring these metabolites in biomatrices is challenging due to their low concentrations, high molecular diversity, and interference from matrix components, demanding advanced and precise analytical methodologies. Hence, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry detection, combined with a chemical derivatization procedure, was developed and validated to quantify seven gut metabolites, namely acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, p-cresol sulfate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, indole-3-acetic acid, and L-tryptophan, in human plasma. Samples were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and subsequently derivatized using 3-nitrophenylhydrazine. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a BEH C18 column, with elution performed at a f low rate of 0.2mLmin 1 and in gradient mode using formic acid-water (1:1000, v/v) and formic acid- acetonitrile (1:1000, v/v) as mobile phase components. The mass spectrometer was operated in negative ionization mode and data was acquired in selected reaction monitoring. Good linearity was achieved (r 2 >0.997) for all the target gut metabolites in the evaluated concentration ranges, with low LLOQ values (0.4–8 M). The method proved to be accurate (87.0–114 %) and precise (CV ≤ 13.5 %), achieving a score of 65 in the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metric, which confirmed its practicality. The developed method was ultimately employed to the analysis of plasma samples from children and adults involved in clinical studies, demonstrating its usefulness in medical research.