Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-01-29"
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- The Impact of Macro and Micro Management Approaches on IT Project SuccessPublication . Teixeira, Rodrigo Fernandes; Araújo, Susana Cláudia Nicola deChoosing the right tools and methodologies is one of the most critical decisions that a project management team makes in the dynamic, multifaceted field of project management. This would ideally be done by considering the macro or micro approach toward project management implementation. The macro approach—the broad, strategic view of project management—concerns itself with overall goals, extended timelines, and high-level planning. In contrast, the micro approach focuses on minute details of tactics and tasks. It deals with detailed tasks and short-term deliverables, and its monitoring system is strict. Only through understanding the subtleties and applications of these approaches can the project manager hope to maximize the potential for optimal project outcomes. The macro approach would deal more with the broad overview so that an organization could align projects with its strategic objectives in order to efficiently and effectively use its resources and manage the risks involved. The micro approach, on the other hand, gives close and thorough supervision of the activities of the project, thereby helping in the strict control and prompt reaction in the wake of newly discovered issues. This dissertation provides insight into the relative advantages and limitations of both macro and micro approaches in project management. It explores the situations in which each of these approaches is at its best and the type of projects that better fit either approach, since this could yield a strategy that reaps the benefits accruing from both approaches. A PRISMA-guided systematic review ensures that all the available literature is viewed comprehensively and without bias. This paper strives to provide a complete guide in picking the approach that best fits project needs and its implementation for project managers, drawing case studies, theoretical frameworks, and empirical data.
- How distinct Autism and Schizotypal trait dimensions influence neural predictive processingPublication . Mazer, Prune; Pasion, Rita; Fontes, Melissa; Pires, Cristiana; Silveira, Celeste; Fernando Ferreira-Santos; Mazer, PruneThe Predictive Processing (PP) framework provides a compelling model for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). In this study, we developed visual and auditory oddball tasks with two levels of target detection difficulty to effectively elicit event-related potential (ERP) components. A total of 122 participants from the community completed these tasks during an EEG recording and self-reports assessing their variations on autistic and schizotypal traits. Results revealed that task difficulty significantly reduced P300 amplitudes across both auditory and visual modalities. Higher Restricted Interests and Detail Orientation autistic traits resulted in enhanced N2 amplitudes in the difficult visual task. Our findings also indicated a trend-level reduction in visual P300 amplitude and modulation of the auditory complex N1-P2 for individuals with higher autistic scores regarding difficulties in communication. For positive schizotypal traits, an unexpected trend-level association with increased auditory P300 amplitude emerged. These findings highlight differential impacts of ASD and SSD dimensions, on predictive processing, with variations observed across sensory modalities, task difficulty, and ERP components. This study advances our understanding of neurophysiological variability in ASD and SSD, supporting dimensional approaches to neurodevelopmental disorders and emphasizing the need for symptom-specific research. Our findings contribute to the growing body of literature on predictive processing in ASD and SSD, suggesting pathways for more refined investigations into the neural variability associated with these traits.