Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-03-21"
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- Placental levels of essential and non‑essential trace element in relation to neonatal weight in Northwestern Spain: application of generalized additive modelsPublication . Álvarez‑Silvares, Esther ; Fernández‑Cruz, Tania ; Bermudez‑González, Mónica ; Rubio‑Cid, Paula ; Almeida, Agostinho ; Pinto, Edgar; Seoane‑Pillado, Teresa ; Martínez‑Carballo, ElenaAdequate gestational progression depends to a great extent on placental development, which can modify maternal and neonatal outcomes. Any environmental toxicant, including metals, with the capacity to affect the placenta can alter the development of the pregnancy and its outcome. The objective of this study was to correlate the placenta levels of 14 essential and non-essential elements with neonatal weight. We examined relationships between placental concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, mercury, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, rubidium, selenium, strontium, and zinc from 79 low obstetric risk pregnant women in Ourense (Northwestern Spain, 42°20′12.1″N 7°51.844′O) with neonatal weight. We tested associations between placental metal concentrations and neonatal weight by conducting multivariable linear regressions using generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM). While placental Co (p = 0.03) and Sr (p = 0.048) concentrations were associated with higher neonatal weight, concentrations of Li (p = 0.027), Mo (p = 0.049), and Se (p = 0.02) in the placenta were associated with lower newborn weight. Our findings suggest that the concentration of some metals in the placenta may affect fetal growth.
- Potential therapeutic application of chestnut shells in oral mucositis treatment: Green extraction of polyphenolsPublication . Ferreira, Ana Sofia; Silva, Ana Margarida; Pinto, Diana; Ferraz, Ricardo; Moreira, Manuela M.; Švarc-Gajić, Jaroslava; Costa, Paulo; Delerue-Matos, Cristina; Rodrigues, FranciscaOral mucositis (OM), a common side effect of oncological treatment, is an inflammatory condition characterized by painful ulcerations, difficulty swallowing and speaking, and increased risk of infection, which can compromise the primary treatment outcome. The use of natural antioxidants to inhibit theredox imbalance responsible for OM development has emerged as an interesting approach for OM prevention and treatment. This study aims to explore chestnut (Castana sativa) shells (by-products) aspotential active ingredient against OM [2]. To recover antioxidants using sustainable technology, chestnut shells were extracted using Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) at different temperatures (110-180 °C). The extracts were evaluated against microorganisms present in the oral cavity as well as in human oral cell lines (TR146 and HSC3). The optimal extraction temperature was 110 °C, exhibiting thehighest phenolic content and the best antioxidant/antiradical activities and scavenging efficiencies against HOCl (IC50 = 4.47 μg/mL) and ROO● (0.73 μmol TE/mg DW). High concentrations of phenolicacids (e.g., gallic and protocatechuic acid) and flavanoids (catechin, epicatechin and rutin) characterizedthe phenolic profile. Antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms present in the oral cavity during OM, such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Escherichia, was also demonstrated. The effects on HSC3 and TR146 cell lines revealed that the extract prepared at 110 °C showed the lowest IC50 (1325.03 and 468.15 µg/mL, respectively). Therefore, this extract was selectedfor encapsulation and incorporation into an oral film as buccal drug delivery system. Methocel 1000 demonstrated ideal physicochemical properties from different set of polymers, such as thickness, mass, content uniformity, dissolution time in artificial saliva, superficial pH, folding, tensile strength, and elongation.