Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-12-18"
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- Vigilância Epidemiológica de Doenças Infecciosas de Origem Bacteriana na Província do Cuanza-NortePublication . Nsevolo Sambaseguinte trabalho teve como objetivo a pesquisa da vigilância epidemiológica das doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana na província do Cuanza-Norte em Angola. Todos os resultados foram obtidos a partir da base de dados da Direção Provincial de Saúde do Cuanza-Norte em Ndalatando, onde foram recolhidos os dados relativos aos doentes com Febre Tifóide e Tuberculose de 2010-2014, sendo estas, as doenças bacterianas predominantes na província. Os dados recolhidos demonstram valores elevados relativos à pesquisa de Tuberculose e Febre Tifóide, tendo sido estudados casos de prevalência das doenças relacionadas com a idade, sexo e origem do município. Destaca-se a faixa etária de indivíduos com menos de 20 anos para o caso da Febre Tifóide e idades superiores aos 20 anos para a Tuberculose. Os municípios mais afectados para o caso da Febre Tifóide são Lukala, Bolongongo, Banga, Quikulungo, e Ngonguembo. Para o caso da Tuberculose são mais afectados os municípios de Gongembo, Banga, Quiculungo e Bolongongo, uma vez que são municípios em situação instável com uma escassa vigilância sanitária. No tempo húmido (chuvoso), os meses de Março e Abril se distinguiram com maiores taxas de prevalência de febre tifóide e no tempo seco (frio), os meses de Junho, Julho e Agosto se distinguiram com maiores taxas de prevalência de tuberculose durante este estudo. A análise dos resultados permite afirmar que se registou, durante os cinco (5) anos deste estudo, uma tendência crescente para a tuberculose e uma tendência decrescente para a Febre Tifóide. A prevalência é, ainda, muito elevada em ambos os casos, sendo, por isso, necessário agir rapidamente - aplicando as respetivas medidas de vigilância sanitária que haja um maior controlo efetivo e sustentável de doenças bacterianas negligenciadas e melhor acompanhamento dos doentes.
- Biomarkers of Nitrosative Stress: Development and validation of a new analytical method for 3-Nitrotyrosine quantificationPublication . Dulce Liliana Ribeiro TeixeiraBackground: The nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins is associated with nitrosative stress, resulting in the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). 3-NT levels in biological samples have been associated with numerous physiological and pathological conditions. For this reason, several attempts have been made in order to develop methods that accurately quantify 3-NT in biological samples. Regarding chromatographic methods, they seem to be very accurate, showing very good sensibility and specificity. However, accurate quantification of this molecule, which is present at very low concentrations both at physiological and pathological states, is always a complex task and a target of intense research. Objectives: We aimed to develop a simple, rapid, low-cost and sensitive 3-NT quantification method for use in medical laboratories as an additional tool for diagnosis and/or treatment monitoring of a wide range of pathologies. We also aimed to evaluate the performance of the HPLC-based method developed here in a wide range of biological matrices. Material and methods: All experiments were performed on a Hitachi LaChrom Elite® HPLC system and separation was carried out using a Lichrocart® 250-4 Lichrospher 100 RP-18 (5μm) column. The method was further validated according to ICH guidelines. The biological matrices tested were serum, whole blood, urine, B16 F-10 melanoma cell line, growth medium conditioned with the same cell line, bacterial and yeast suspensions. Results: From all the protocols tested, the best results were obtained using 0.5% CH3COOH:MeOH:H2O (15:15:70) as the mobile phase, with detection at wavelengths 215, 276 and 356 nm, at 25ºC, and using a flow rate of 1 mL/min. By using this protocol, it was possible to obtain a linear calibration curve (correlation coefficient = 1), limits of detection and quantification in the order of ng/mL, and a short analysis time (<15 minutes per sample). Additionally, the developed protocol allowed the successful detection and quantification of 3-NT in all biological matrices tested, with detection at 356 nm. Conclusion: The method described in this study, which was successfully developed and validated for 3-NT quantification, is simple, cheap and fast, rendering it suitable for analysis in a wide range of biological matrices.
- Oxidative Stress in Diabetic NeuropathyPublication . Sofia Alexandrina Queirós da CunhaFor treating chronic pain, a multifactorial condition, is needed a suitable diagnosis which allows the differentiation in its many components. Diabetic neuropathy is a worldwide disease with great impact in the modern society. Diabetes may leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that are associated to oxidative stress, which may be a key factor in the development of diabetic neuropathy. The main goal is to inquire a potential association between chronic pain, diabetic neuropathy and oxidative stress. Thus, was performed a meta-analysis that permitted the causal evaluation between oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy, and, a pain evaluation was accomplished in a convenience sample using validated surveys – Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4). Through the meta-analysis it was possible evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers, such lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and reduced glutathione. 9 studies were selected and all were performed in mouse models. The levels of lipid peroxidation were increased in all the studies, however the levels of the other biomarkers were diminished in diabetic models comparatively to healthy controls. In the evaluation of convenience sample, 84 surveys were collected along the four seasons: summer, autumn, winter and spring. The pain complaints were described in terms of local, intensity, impact, relief by medication and its effect on daily activities using BPI questionnaire. The scores obtained in BPI indicate the presence of moderate to severe pain, with increased complaints in autumn and spring, and implications in daily activities, transversal to all groups. To determine the main features associated with neuropathic pain it was used DN4 questionnaire. The DN4 indicated the presence of nearly 50% of patients with neuropathic pain. The results suggest that being female, the increased age and being retired can influence chronic pain and neuropathic pain in patients. As main conclusions, it was possible to verify an association between oxidative stress, and neuropathic pain, and, also, that weather conditions may influence the pain complaints and its prevalence.