Browsing by Author "Silva, F.J.G. da"
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- Adhesive selection for hybrid spot-welded/bonded single-lap joints: Experimentation and numerical analysisPublication . Marques, G.P.; Campilho, Raul; Silva, F.J.G. da; Moreira, R.D.F.The applications of adhesive joints are increasing in various industrial applications because they offer several advantages over traditional methods. The combination of adhesive bonding with spot-welding enables some advantages over adhesive joints such as increased stiffness, and higher static and fatigue strength. This work relates to the adhesive selection for single-lap adhesive joints by the bonding and hybrid (bonded and welded) techniques with different overlap lengths (LO). The adhesives are the brittle Araldite AV138®, and the ductile Araldite® 2015 and Sikaforce® 7752. The experimental results were compared against a Finite Element (FE) study coupled with Cohesive Zone Modelling (CZM). The results validated the numerical technique and also showed varying strength improvements of the hybrid joints over bonded joints depending of the adhesive.
- Cohesive law estimation of adhesive joints in mode II conditionPublication . Azevedo, J.C.S.; Campilho, Raul; Silva, F.J.G. da; Faneco, T.M.S.; Lopes, R.M.The adhesive bonding technique enables both weight and complexity reduction in structures that require some joining technique to be used on account of fabrication/component shape issues. Because of this, adhesive bonding is also one of the main repair methods for metal and composite structures by the strap and scarf configurations. The availability of strength prediction techniques for adhesive joints is essential for their generalized application and it can rely on different approaches, such as mechanics of materials, conventional fracture mechanics or damage mechanics. These two last techniques depend on the measurement of the fracture toughness (GC) of materials. Within the framework of damage mechanics, a valid option is the use of Cohesive Zone Modelling (CZM) coupled with Finite Element (FE) analyses. In this work, CZM laws for adhesive joints considering three adhesives with varying ductility were estimated. The End-Notched Flexure (ENF) test geometry was selected based on overall test simplicity and results accuracy. The adhesives Araldite® AV138, Araldite® 2015 and Sikaforce® 7752 were studied between high-strength aluminium adherends. Estimation of the CZM laws was carried out by an inverse methodology based on a curve fitting procedure, which enabled a precise estimation of the adhesive joints’ behaviour. The work allowed to conclude that a unique set of shear fracture toughness (GIIC) and shear cohesive strength (ts0) exists for each specimen that accurately reproduces the adhesive layer’ behaviour. With this information, the accurate strength prediction of adhesive joints in shear is made possible by CZM.
- Comparative evaluation of the Double-Cantilever Beam and Tapered Double-Cantilever Beam tests for estimation of the tensile fracture toughness of adhesive jointsPublication . Lopes, R.M.; Campilho, Raul; Silva, F.J.G. da; Faneco, T.M.S.The continuous development observed in bonded joints, along with the improvements of the adhesives’ properties, are resulting in an increase of the bonded joint applications, as well as the variety of applications. Regarding the strength prediction of adhesive joints, two highly relevant methods are Fracture Mechanics and Cohesive Zone Models (CZM). By Fracture Mechanics, this is usually carried out by an energetic analysis. CZM enable the simulation of damage initiation and propagation. The tensile critical strain energy release rate (GIc) of adhesives is one of the most important parameters for predicting the joint strength. Two of the most commonly used tests are the Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) and the Tapered Double-Cantilever Beam (TDCB). This work aims to assess the capability of the DCB and TDCB test to estimate the value of GIc of adhesive joints. Three types of adhesives with different levels of ductility are used, to study the accuracy of the typical data reduction methods under conditions that are not always consistent with Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) principles. For both test protocols, methods that do not require measurement of the crack length (a) during the test are evaluated. In the DCB test, these are the Compliance Calibration Method (CCM), Corrected Beam Theory (CBT) and Compliance-Based Beam Method (CBBM). The methods used in the TDCB test are the Simple Beam Theory (SBT), CCM and CBT. With few exceptions, the results were consistent between the different methods considered for each test. The discrepancy of results is higher when comparing the two types of tests, except for the brittle adhesive. It was concluded that the data reduction methods for the TDCB test are too conservative to measure GIc of ductile adhesives.
- Comparative Failure Assessment of Single and Double Lap Joints with Varying Adhesive SystemsPublication . Nunes, S.L.S.; Campilho, Raul; Silva, F.J.G. da; Sousa, C.C.R.G. de; Fernandes, T.A.B.; Bane, M.D.; Silva, L.F.M. daJoining by adhesively bonded methods is being increasingly used in the design of mechanical structures, because of the significant benefits of this technique compared to the traditional ones. Commercial adhesives range from strong and brittle (e.g., Araldite® AV138) to less strong and ductile (e.g., Araldite® 2015). A new family of polyurethane adhesives combines high strength and ductility (e.g., Sikaforce® 7888). This work compares the tensile performance of the three aforementioned adhesive systems in single and double lap aluminum joints with varying values of overlap length (LO). A cohesive zone modeling (CZM) numerical analysis was carried out to analyze through-thickness normal and shear stresses in the adhesive layer, to study the CZM damage variable and to predict the joint strength. A comparison was also performed with simple analytical models. The stress and damage variable analyses helped in understanding the differences between adhesives in which pertains to the failure process and joint strength. The proposed work also enabled concluding that the CZM predictions are typically accurate, and which family of adhesives is more suited for each joint configuration, with clear advantage for the Sikaforce® 7888. As a result of this work, design guidelines were proposed for adhesively bonded joints.