Percorrer por autor "Pereira, Mariana R."
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- Does attention to cardiac sensations modulate heartbeat-evoked potentials even after controlling for cognitive demands?Publication . Braga, Patrícia Vilela; Vieira, Beatriz; Carina, Fernandes; Barbosa, Fernando; Santos, Fernando Ferreira; Pereira, Mariana R.; Rocha, Nuno Barbosa; Mazer, Prune; Pasion, Rita; Schütz-Bosbach, Simone; Paiva, Tiago Oliveira; Campos, Carlos; Campos, Carlos; Rocha, Nuno; Mazer, PruneHeartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) have been shown to be modulated by attentional focus (cardiac vs. exteroceptive attention), suggesting that HEP are a neural correlate of interoceptive prediction errors. However, this effect has not been consistently replicated, and differences in cognitive effort when contrasting interoceptive vs. exteroceptive attention may be a confounding factor. We devised a modified Heartbeat Attention Task to examine whether cardiac attention can modulate HEP amplitude even when cognitive demands are matched across interoceptive and exteroceptive conditions. In exteroceptive blocks, subjects were required to count subtle bursts of volume increase embedded within a continuous white noise. The bursts’ volume was individually tailored for each participant (near absolute threshold) and were presented in a rhythmic pattern replicating a typical heart rate. In interoceptive blocks, participants were asked to count their heartbeats, whilst the white noise was still presented, ensuring that the neural effects were driven by the attention shift rather than sensory changes. The task was first completed by 50 participants (25F; 28.44y) during a 9-electrode EEG recording: frontal, central and parietal sites. No significant differences were found regarding counted heartbeats (M=122.00) vs white noise bursts (M=118.86) as well as on perceived attentional efforts (heart M=65.00 vs bursts M=67.00), indicating similar task demands across conditions. No significant differences between conditions were found on HEP amplitude across all electrodes (p > .137 for all), suggesting no attentional modulation of HEP amplitude after accounting for cognitive demands. Due to the reduced number of electrodes, a follow-up sample of 26 participants (13F; 21.73y) completed the task using a new EEG geodesic 64-channel sensor net. This dataset is currently under processing and will allow for a more comprehensive data-driven analytic approach (cluster-based permutation test) to ensure whether the attentional modulation of HEP amplitude is indeed absent when accounting for cognitive demands.
- The psychopathic heart: empathy, interoception, and psychopathy traits in adolescentsPublication . Marinho, Elisabete; Alves, Isabel; Pereira, Mariana R.; Rocha, Nuno; Barbosa, Fernando; Campos, CarlosThe link between empathy and psychopathy phenotypes (grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional and impulsive-irresponsible) as well as its underlying mechanisms, are far from being consensual, especially in developmental samples. To explore the differential associations between psychopathy phenotypes, empathy domains (cognitive and affective), and interoception in a community sample of adolescents. 64 adolescents (14.95 years; 42.2% males) completed an online survey that assessed psychopathy phenotypes (Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory), cognitive and affective empathy (Basic Empathy Scale), and interoceptive accuracy (Interoceptive Accuracy Scale) as well as alexithymia for control purposes (Toronto Alexithymia Scale). Zero-order correlations, t-tests, and hierarchical linear regressions were employed for statistical analysis. Callous-unemotional traits were negatively correlated with both empathy domains, while impulsive-irresponsible traits were only negatively correlated to cognitive empathy, despite these associations being marginally significant in multivariate analysis. Grandiose-manipulative traits were not related to either empathy domain. There were no associations between interoceptive accuracy and psychopathy phenotypes after controlling for age, sex, and alexithymia. Empathy domains seem to be differentially related to psychopathy phenotypes in adolescents. The contributing role of interoception in this association should be further explored using larger sample sizes and alternative measures.