Browsing by Author "Oliveira, Rosa"
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- Analyzing multiple outcomes: is it really worth the use of multivariate linear regression?Publication . Oliveira, Rosa; Teixeira-Pinto, ArmandoIn health related research it is common to have multiple outcomes of interest in a single study. These outcomes are often analysed separately, ignoring the correlation between them. One would expect that a multivariate approach would be a more efficient alternative to individual analyses of each outcome. Surprisingly, this is not always the case. In this article we discuss different settings of linear models and compare the multivariate and univariate approaches. We show that for linear regression models, the estimates of the regression parameters associated with covariates that are shared across the outcomes are the same for the multivariate and univariate models while for outcome-specific covariates the multivariate model performs better in terms of efficiency.
- Enhanced role of PPARg with the Pro12Ala polymorphismPublication . Fernandes, Rúben; Pereira, Ana Cláudia; Oliveira, Rosa; Prudêncio, CristinaObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are two major public health problems that have motivated the scientific community to investigate the high contribution of genetic factors to these disorders. The peroxisome proliferator activated by gamma 2 (PPARg2) plays an important role in the lipid metabolism. Since PPARg2 is expressed mainly in adipose tissue, a moderate reduction of its activity influences the sensitivity to insulin, diabetes, and other metabolic parameters. The present study aims to contribute to the elucidation of the impact of the Pro12Ala polymorphism associated with T2D and obesity through a meta-analysis study of the literature that included approximately 11500 individuals, from which 3870 were obese and 7625 were diabetic. Statistical evidence supports protective effect in T2D of polymorphism Pro12Ala of PPARg2 (OR = 0.702 with 95% CI: 0.622; 0.791, P <0.01). Conversely the same polymorphism Pro12Ala of PPARg2 seems to favor obesity since 1.196 more chance than non obese was found (OR=1.196 with 95% CI: 1.009; 1.417, P < 0.004). Our results suggest that Pro12Ala polymorphism enhances both adipogenic and antidiabetogenic physiological role of PPARg. Does Pro12Ala polymorphism represent an evolutionary step towards the stabilization of the molecular function of PPARg transcription factor signaling pathway?
- HIV voluntary testing among portuguese women attending family planning clinics: mplications for HIV prevention education and testingPublication . Cunha Veiga Costa, Eleonora; Oliveira, Rosa; Pereira, Maria Da GraçaThe aim of this article is to analyze the factors associated with HIV testing among 767 sexually active women. Participants were administered several self-report questionnaires that assessed behavioral and psychosocial measures. Overall, 59.8% of the participants reported ever having tested for HIV. Results show that higher levels of education, being pregnant or having been pregnant, concern about AIDS, AIDS knowledge, self-efficacy in condom negotiation and perception of no risk in partner significantly predicted the likelihood of testing among women. Attending the mass was negatively associated with HIV testing. These findings provide information that can be used in the development of a focused gender sensitive HIV prevention program to increase HIV testing.
- Is antidepressant use associated with breast cancer development? A meta-analysis.Publication . Oliveira, Rosa; Pereira, Andressa; Fernandes, António; Fernandes, RúbenBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide and there is considerable research proving that depression is an aetiological factor in the development of cancer and a risk factor concerning mortality of breast cancer. Studies in rats also demonstrated a possible development of breast cancer due to antidepressant use. Moreover, even though studies in humans are trifling, the few studies examining the relationship between antidepressant use and breast cancer risk have produced conflicting results. The goal of the present study was to analyze associations between use of antidepressant medication and risk of breast cancer. A second goal was to test whether these associations would vary depending on study characteristics.
- Life quality of students in PBL and traditional teaching modelsPublication . Silva, Ana; Miranda, Leonor; Oliveira, Alexandra; Salgado, Ana; Magalhães, Andreia; Faias, Joaquim; Oliveira, RosaGetting into Higher Education presents demanding solicitations that may affect academic performance, health and Quality of Life (QL).
- Physical activity and low back pain in former athletesPublication . Fleming, Miguel; Miranda, Leonor G.; Oliveira, Rosa; Machado, Isabel; Cunha, Sabrina; Silva, DanielaThe majority of guidelines accentuates the regular physical activity and exercise as a protective factor in chronic pelvic low back pain. Surprisingly, there is some controversy about the possible protective role of physical activity (PA) in low back pain. Objectives: To compare physical activity between former athletes with and without nonspecific chronic pelvic low back pain. To analyze the relationship between physical activity and functional low back pain disability in former athletes with nonspecific chronic pelvic low back pain.
- Predictors of consistent condom use among Portuguese women attending family planning clinicsPublication . Cunha Veiga Costa, Eleonora; Oliveira, Rosa; Ferreira, Domingos; Pereira, Maria Da GraçaWomen account for 30% of all AIDS cases reported to the Health Ministry in Portugal and most infections are acquired through unprotected heterosexual sex with infected partners. This study analyzed socio-demographic and psychosocial predictors of consistent condom use and the role of education as a moderator variable among Portuguese women attending family planning clinics. A cross-sectional study using interviewer-administered fully structured questionnaires was conducted among 767 sexually active women (ages 18–65). Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between consistent condom use and the predictor variables. Overall, 78.7% of the women were inconsistent condom users. The results showed that consistent condom use was predicted by marital status (being not married), having greater perceptions of condom negotiation self-efficacy, having preparatory safer sexual behaviors, and not using condoms only when practicing abstinence. Living with a partner and having lack of risk perception significantly predicted inconsistent condom use. Less educated women were less likely to use condoms even when they perceive being at risk. The full model explained 53% of the variance in consistent condom use. This study emphasizes the need for implementing effective prevention interventions in this population showing the importance of taking education into consideration.
- Relationship between the use of new technologies and musculoskeletal symptoms in children and adolescentsPublication . Santos, Paula Clara; Lopes, Sofia; Oliveira, Rosa; Santos, Helena; Mota, Jorge; Mesquita, CristinaChildhood and adolescence are determinants of musculoskeletal development, and the attitudes and habits adopted during these periods can have repercussions in adult life. The increasing use of technologies is becoming more worrying due to the sustained and prolonged postures due to the use of these devices and the consequent impact on musculoskeletal health.