Percorrer por autor "Castro, Daniel"
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- Emotion networks in individuals with high and low social anxiety symptomsPublication . Oliveira, Cláudia; Liebowitz, Michael; Calaboiça, Cláudia; Castro, Daniel; Borges, Janete; Santos, Anita; Meira, Liliana; Borges, JaneteSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent mental health disorder. Theoretical models of SAD emphasize the role of cognitive and behavioral factors in the development and maintenance of the disorder, although emotional experiences are equally relevant. Most studies focus on the relationship between SAD and affect broadly (positive and negative affect), or address specific emotions separately, rather than examining multiple positive and negative emotions in one integrated model. Network analysis can provide important insights into the emotional system underlying SAD and how it is organized differently between individuals with high and low social anxiety. Therefore, we aimed to identify the central emotions and compare several macro-network properties (e.g., connectivity) between high and low socially anxious individuals. Two networks were estimated using a Mixed Graphical Model (MGM). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to assess emotional states, and social anxiety symptoms were measured with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale– self-report version (LSAS-SR), previously adapted and validated. Participants recruited from the community were divided into two groups based on the LSAS-SR cut-off score: with high (N=306, Mage=28.50; SDage=10.59) and low social anxiety symptoms (N=306, Mage=34.30; SDage=13). Results Network connectivity distinguished the two groups. Participants with higher social anxiety symptoms showed a more interconnected emotion network. Feeling scared, disturbed, and guilty were central emotions and were identified as valuable treatment targets. The results contribute to the understanding of emotional experience in the context of SAD from a network perspective, and to the growing literature on network theory, by clarifying which network properties are promising markers of an emotional system resistant to change.
- A network approach to emotion regulation and symptom activation in depression and anxietyPublication . Rodrigues, Ana Rita; Castro, Daniel; Cardoso, Joana; Ferreira, Filipa; Serrão, Carla; Coelho, Carlos M.; Meira, Liliana; Ferreira, Tiago B.Background: Emotions can be regulated through several regulatory strategies that are involved in the development of psychopathological symptoms. Despite the well-established association between psychopathology and emotion dysregulation, little is known about the relationship between individual symptoms of depression and anxiety and emotion regulation strategies (ERS), as well as between ERS themselves. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study and examined the interactions between six ERS (reappraisal, engagement, rumination, suppression, arousal control, and distraction) and assessed their distinctive association with the activation of specific symptoms of depression and anxiety in a community sample of 376 adults (80.4% female; Mage = 32.70; SDage = 11.80). The Regulation Emotion Systems Survey (RESS) was used to measure ERS. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to assess psychological symptoms. An exploratory graph analysis was performed to examine the structural properties of the network of interactions between these behaviors. Additionally, to test the association of ERS with the activation of the depression symptoms network, an expected symptoms activity (ESA) was conducted. Results: Six communities were found that correspond to the six ERS. Rumination and suppression have a significant association with symptom activation (particularly low self-esteem), whereas reappraisal reduces symptomatic activation. The effect of arousal control, engagement, and distraction appears to depend on the remaining ERS rather than having much influence on their own. Conclusion: This study provides insight into how ERS interact with each other and with individual symptoms of depression and anxiety. Understanding the effects of these interactions on symptom activation and comorbidity can improve our understanding of psychopathology.