Browsing by Author "Cardoso, Henrique Lopes"
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- Assessing daily activities using a PPG sensor embedded in a wristband-type activity trackerPublication . Oliveira, Alexandra; Aguiar, Joyce; Silva, Eliana; Faria, Brígida Mónica; Gonçalves, Helena; Teófilo, Luís; Gonçalves, Joaquim; Carvalho, Victor; Cardoso, Henrique Lopes; Reis, Luís Paulo; Faria, Brigida Monica; Oliveira, AlexandraDue to the technological evolution on wearable devices, biosignals, such as inter-cardiac beat interval (RR) time series, are being captured in a noncontrolled environment. These RR signals, derived from photoplethysmography (PPG), enable health status assessment in a more continuous, non-invasive, nonobstructive way, and fully integrated into the individual’s daily activity. However PPG is vulnerable to motion artefacts, which can affect the accuracy of the estimated neurophysiological markers. This paper introduces a method for motion artefact characterization in terms of location and relative variation parameters obtained in different common daily activities. The approach takes into consideration interindividual variability. Data was analyzed throughout related-samples Friedman’s test, followed by pairwise comparison with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a Bonferroni correction. Results showed that movement, involving only arms, presents more variability in terms of the two analyzed parameters.
- Compliance study of hazard analysis and critical control point systemPublication . Pinto, Tatiana Sousa; Faria, Brígida Mónica; Reis, Luis Paulo; Cardoso, Henrique Lopes; Santos, TiagoHazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is based on a preventive methodology to avoid potential hazards that can cause harm and to ensure that unsafe food is not made available to consumers. This system is recognized by the Economic and Food Safety Authority, a criminal police responsible for food safety and economic inspection in Portugal. Every day, Economic and Food Safety Authority generates a large and complex volume of data from inspections and complaints, also in its classification, registration and in monitoring until the end of the process analysis. This study focuses on the reported entities that are related to non-compliance with HACCP, and tries to understand the most common infractions. Results show values between 30% and 37% related to non-compliance to HACCP. As main conclusions, from 2014 to 2018, the number of these infractions maintained the same level and it will be important to understand if the relationship between these problems are related to legislation understanding or application.
- Economic and food safety: optimized inspection routes generationPublication . Barros, Telmo; Oliveira, Alexandra; Cardoso, Henrique Lopes; Reis, Luís Paulo; Caldeira, Cristina; Machado, João PedroData-driven decision support systems rely on increasing amounts of information that needs to be converted into actionable knowledge in business intelligence processes. The latter have been applied to diverse business areas, including governmental organizations, where they can be used effectively. The Portuguese Food and Economic Safety Authority (ASAE) is one example of such organizations. Over its years of operation, a rich dataset has been collected which can be used to improve their activity regarding prevention in the areas of food safety and economic enforcement. ASAE needs to inspect Economic Operators all over the country, and the efficient and effective generation of optimized and flexible inspection routes is a major concern. The focus of this paper is, thus, the generation of optimized inspection routes, which can then be flexibly adapted towards their operational accomplishment. Each Economic Operator is assigned an inspection utility – an indication of the risk it poses to public health and food safety, to business practices and intellectual property as well as to security and environment. Optimal inspection routes are then generated typically by seeking to maximize the utility gained from inspecting the chosen Economic Operators. The need of incorporating constraints such as Economic Operators’ opening hours and multiple departure/arrival spots has led to model the problem as a Multi-Depot Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. Exact and meta-heuristic methods were implemented to solve the problem and the Genetic Algorithm showed a high performance with realistic solutions to be used by ASAE inspectors. The hybrid approach that combined the Genetic Algorithm with the Hill Climbing also showed to be a good manner of enhancing the solution quality.
- Generation and optimization of inspection routes for economic and food safetyPublication . Barros, Telmo; Oliveira, Alexandra; Cardoso, Henrique Lopes; Reis, Luís Paulo; Caldeira, Cristina; Machado, João Pedro; Oliveira, AlexandraArtificial intelligence techniques have been applied to diverse business and governmental areas, in order to take advantage of the huge amount of information that is generated within specific organizations or institutions. Business intelligence can be seen as the process of converting such information into actionable knowledge, which is the basis for data-driven decision making. With this in mind, this work is framed in a project that seeks to improve the activity of the Portuguese Food and Economic Safety Authority, regarding prevention in the areas of food safety and economic enforcement. More specifically, this paper focuses on the generation and optimization of flexible inspection routes. An optimal inspection route seeks to maximize the number of targeted Economic Operators, or the utility gained from the set of Economic Operators that are actually inspected. For that, each Economic Operator is assigned an inspection utility value. The problem was then modelled as a Multi-Depot Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, and solved using both exact and meta-heuristic methods. The comparison of the meta-heuristic algorithms showed a versatile Hill Climbing implementation in different test cases that explored the effect of the Economic Operators dispersion and density.
- Interactive inspection routes application for economic and food safetyPublication . Barros, Telmo; Santos, Tiago; Oliveira, Alexandra; Cardoso, Henrique Lopes; Reis, Luís Paulo; Oliveira, AlexandraThis paper describes an application aimed at improving the current state of enforcement in the areas of food safety and economic activities in Portugal. More specifically, the application focuses on a flexible and interactive approach to generate inspection routes, to be followed by surveillance brigades with the aim of verifying Economic Operators’ compliance to national and European legislation on economic and food safety. The problem is modeled as a Multi-Depot Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, and the algorithmic approaches employed seek to maximize either the number of inspected Economic Operators or a utility function that takes into account the utility gained from inspecting each Economic Operator. The generated solutions are shown in an intuitive platform, where human operators can visualize the solutions details (including georeferenced locations in a map) and fully customize them on time by manually removing or adding Economic Operators to be targeted.
- A Review of Commercial and Medical-Grade Physiological Monitoring Devices for Biofeedback-Assisted Quality of Life Improvement StudiesPublication . Nogueira, Pedro; Urbano, Joana; Reis, Luís Paulo; Cardoso, Henrique Lopes; Silva, Daniel Castro; Rocha, Ana Paula; Gonçalves, Joaquim; Faria, Brígida MónicaWith the rise in wearable technology and "health culture", we are seeing an increasing interest and affordances in studying how to not only prolong life expectancy but also in how to improve individuals' quality of life. On the one hand, this attempts to give meaning to the increasing life expectancy, as living above a certain threshold of pain and lack of autonomy or mobility is both degrading and unfair. On the other hand, it lowers the cost of continuous care, as individuals with high quality of life indexes tend to have lower hospital readmissions or secondary complications, not to mention higher physical and mental health. In this paper, we evaluate the current state of the art in physiological therapy (biofeedback) along with the existing medical grade and consumer grade hardware for physiological research. We provide a quick primer on the most commonly monitored physiologic metrics, as well as a brief discussion on the current state of the art in biofeedback-assisted medical applications. We then go on to present a comparative analysis between medical and consumer grade biofeedback devices and discuss the hardware specifications and potential practical applications of each consumer grade device in terms of functionality and adaptability for controlled (laboratory) and uncontrolled (field) studies. We end this article with some empirical observations based on our study so that readers might use take them into consideration when arranging a laboratory or real-world experience, thus avoiding costly time delays and material expenditures.
- Text mining applications to facilitate economic and food safety law enforcementPublication . Magalhães, Gustavo; Faria, Brígida Mónica; Reis, Luís Paulo; Cardoso, Henrique LopesEconomic and Food Safety Authority receives on a daily basis reports and complaints regarding infractions, delicts and possible food and economic crimes. These reports and complaints can be in different forms, such as e-mails, online forms, letters, phone calls and complaint books present in every establishment. This paper aims to apply text mining and classification algorithms to textual data extracted from these reports and complains in order to help identify if the responsible entity to analyze the content is, in fact, the Economic and Food Safety Authority. The paper describes text preprocessing and feature extraction procedures applied to Portuguese text data. Supervised multi-class classification methods such as Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine Classifiers are employed in the task. We show that a non-semantical text mining approach can achieve good results, scoring around 70% of accuracy.