Browsing by Author "Alonso, Rita"
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- Life cycle energy of vehicles on lightweighting and alternative powertrain strategies—A reviewPublication . Monteiro, Helena; Alonso, Rita; Gonçalves, Margarida; Iten, Muriel; Caetano, Nídia S.To improve vehicles environmental performance, different strategies have been explored namely to reduce the use stage energy. In order to avoid problem shifting, a life cycle perspective should be used to compare alternative solutions. This paper aims to compare existing studies focused on life cycle energy (LCE) of vehicles to analyze the impacts and benefits regarding two trending improvement strategies: lightweight materials and alternative powertrain selection. A Literature review was performed to systematize quantitatively the LCE results of different studies (e.g. presented among figures, tables, and literature text). The LCE results were compiled and normalized for the same driving distance, 200 000 km, per life cycle stage. Moreover, the study discusses research findings on the application of the two strategies to improve overall vehicles’ LCE. As lightweight materials have generally higher embodied energy, the material selection is highly influenced by end-of-life scenarios. It was observed that carbon/glass fiber composites generally have the highest embodied energy, being a preferable option for vehicles that last longer driving distances. Innovative powertrains sourced by renewable energy sources, electric mixes, can significantly reduce vehicles’ LCE use stage, counteracting the benefit of lightweight design. Thus, the benefit of both strategies should be studied together.
- Methodology for the decision-making process in Social District Heating implementationPublication . Alonso, Rita; Azevedo, João; Martins, FlorindaDistrict heating is a centralized energetic system, capable of providing heat to different structures. This technology helps achieving energetic efficiency with a high fuel flexibility, enabling the use of various renewable sources, which will lead to a lower pollution potential. Beside the environmental perspective, these systems show a great ability concerning the social context. Benefits such as, tackling fuel poverty, increasing employment and population in areas suffering from desertification, along with forest fire prevention, lead to the social perspective as the primary motivation for the implementation of these systems, creating the concept of Social District Heating (SDH). Therefore, this paper developed a decision support tool to prioritize locations in the most need of an SHD, with the necessary features to include this technology in its area. A methodology intended to assess quantitative and qualitative variables is presented, step by step, evaluating each location relatively to community aspects, background context and council power criteria. The results presented enhance more than one location, however one appears as the most appropriate for the SDH implementation.