Browsing by Author "Abreu, Sofia"
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- Analysis of the backpack loading efects on the human gaitPublication . Machado, Leandro; Castro, Marcelo P. de; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Gonçalves, Pedro; Sousa, Filipa; Santos, Rubim; Pinto, Viviana; Vaz, Mário; Vilas-Boas, João P.Gait is a simple activity of daily life and one of the main abilities of the human being. Often during leisure, labour and sports activities, loads are carried over (e.g. backpack) during gait. These circumstantial loads can generate instability and increase biomechanicalstress over the human tissues and systems, especially on the locomotor, balance and postural regulation systems. According to Wearing (2006), subjects that carry a transitory or intermittent load will be able to find relatively efficient solutions to compensate its effects.
- Analysis of the backpack loading effects on the human gaitPublication . Machado, Leandro; P. de Castro, Marcelo; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Gonçalves, Pedro; Sousa, Filipa; Santos, Rubim; Pinto, Viviana; Vaz, Mário; Boas, J. Paulo VilasGait is a simple activity of daily life and one of the main abilities of the human being. Often during leisure, labour and sports activities, loads are carried over (e.g. backpack) during gait. These circumstantial loads can generate instability and increase biomechanical stress over the human tissues and systems, especially on the locomotor, balance and postural regulation systems. According to Wearing (2006), subjects that carry a transitory or intermittent load will be able to find relatively efficient solutions to compensate its effects. These are dependent upon the walking distance and of the load characteristics - size, weight and location relatively to the body (Hsiang, 2002).Thus, these solutions should become a concerning factor (Koh, 2009) and a topic of scientific research, particularly in what concerns the inventory of its biomechanical effects and the possible strategies to be developed in order to minimize its effects. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of an occasional dorso-lombar load during the gait through the use of a backpack.
- A avaliação de stress em saúde ocupacional numa equipa de urgência: um estudo pilotoPublication . Ribas, Cláudia; Ribas, Jorge; Abreu, Sofia; Fonte, Rosália; Moucho, Marina; Montenegro, Nuno; Prudêncio, CristinaO presente estudo constituiu um estudo preliminar que se debruçou sobre a avaliação do stress em Saúde Ocupacional em profissionais que integram o serviço de urgência de Obstétrica do Hospital de S. João no Porto. Esta avaliação visa a elaboração de estratégias que contribuam para a maximização dos cuidados de saúde e está diretamente associada à tríada recursos humanos, materiais e satisfação do utente.
- Caracterização cinética e cinemática da marcha de indivíduos adultos obesosPublication . Sousa, Helena; Santos, Rubim; Vilas Boas, João; Vaz, M.; Abreu, Sofia; Castro, Marcelo PeduzziO presente estudo apresenta a caracterização cinemática e cinética da marcha de indivíduos obesos. Envolveu instrumentos como Pedar-Novel, para recolha de dados da pressão plantar; Plataforma Bertec 4060-10, para dados de Força de Reacção ao Solo (FRS), Câmaras digitais Sony, 50Hz para ângulos do pé; IPAQ para dados de actividade física. Foram seleccionados individuos com IMC≥30Kg/m2, para o grupo experimental e com IMC≤ 30Kg/m2 para o grupo controlo. Os resultados mostraram pelos valores de FRS e respectivos tempos de ocorrência que indivíduos obesos, quando comparados com indivíduos eutróficos, exercem forças superiores ocasionando uma sobrecarga mecânica ao nível do sistema músculo-esquelético.
- Efeito da sobrecarga permanente e ocasional nos parâmetros cinéticos da marchaPublication . Castro, Marcelo; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Figueiredo, Cristina; Machado, Leandro; Santos, Rubim; Vilas-Boas, João PauloProposta do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito da sobrecarga permanente (pessoas obesas) e ocasional (mochileiros) nos parâmetros cinéticos da marcha. Foram observadas adaptação no padrão da marcha nos indivíduos quando submetidos a sobrecarga.
- Force and pressure analysis during occasional loaded gaitPublication . Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi; Santos, Rubim; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Machado, Leandro; Vilas Boas, JoãoThe aim of this study was to compare the ground reaction forces and plantar pressure parameters between unloaded and occasional loaded gait. The ground reaction forces and plantar pressure of 60 participants were recorded during unloaded and occasional loaded gait (wearing a backpack which raises the participant´s body mass index to 30). The results indicate an overall increase of forces and plantar pressure during occasional loaded gait where the absolute values were analyzed (p<0.05), while the normalized values suggested a non-linear relation between backpack mass and plantar pressure increases, where the medial midfoot and toes were more required while the lateral rearfoot was less during loaded gait (p<0.05). Also, during loaded gait the magnitude of impact and propulsive forces decreased and the shear forces increased more than proportion of the load. These data suggest a different pattern of plantar pressure distribution and forces during occasional loaded when compared to unloaded gait
- Ground reaction forces and plantar pressure distribution during occasional loaded gaitPublication . Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Machado, Leandro; Santos, Rubim; Vilas Boas, JoãoThis study compared the ground reaction forces (GRF) and plantar pressures between unloaded and occasional loaded gait. The GRF and plantar pressures of 60 participants were recorded during unloaded gait and occasional loaded gait (wearing a backpack that raised their body mass index to 30); this load criterion was adopted because is considered potentially harmful in permanent loaded gait (obese people). The results indicate an overall increase (absolute values) of GRF and plantar pressures during occasional loaded gait (p < 0.05); also, higher normalized (by total weight) values in the medial midfoot and toes, and lower values in the lateral rearfoot region were observed. During loaded gait the magnitude of the vertical GRF (impact and thrust maximum) decreased and the shear forces increased more than did the proportion of the load (normalized values). These data suggest a different pattern of GRF and plantar pressure distribution during occasional loaded compared to unloaded gait.
- In-shoe plantar pressures and ground reaction forces during overweight adults' overground walkingPublication . Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Machado, Leandro; Santos, Rubim; Vilas Boas, JoãoPurpose: Because walking is highly recommended for prevention and treatment of obesity and some of its biomechanical aspects are not clearly understood for overweight people, we compared the absolute and normalized ground reaction forces (GRF), plantar pressures, and temporal parameters of normal-weight and overweight participants during overground walking. Method: A force plate and an in-shoe pressure system were used to record GRF, plantar pressures (foot divided in 10 regions), and temporal parameters of 17 overweight adults and 17 gender-matched normal-weight adults while walking. Results: With high effect sizes, the overweight participants showed higher absolute medial-lateral and vertical GRF and pressure peaks in the central rearfoot, lateral midfoot, and lateral and central forefoot. However, analyzing normalized (scaled to body weight) data, the overweight participants showed lower vertical and anterior-posterior GRF and lower pressure peaks in the medial rearfoot and hallux, but the lateral forefoot peaks continued to be greater compared with normal-weight participants. Time of occurrence of medial-lateral GRF and pressure peaks in the midfoot occurred later in overweight individuals. Conclusions: The overweight participants adapted their gait pattern to minimize the consequences of the higher vertical and propulsive GRF in their musculoskeletal system. However, they were not able to improve their balance as indicated by medial-lateral GRF. The overweight participants showed higher absolute pressure peaks in 4 out of 10 foot regions. Furthermore, the normalized data suggest that the lateral forefoot in overweight adults was loaded more than the proportion of their extra weight, while the hallux and medial rearfoot were seemingly protected.
- Influence of pressure-relief insoles developed for loaded gait (backpackers and obese people) on plantar pressure distribution and ground reaction forcesPublication . Peduzzi de Castro, Marcelo; Abreu, Sofia; Pinto, Viviana; Santos, Rubim; Machado, Leandro; Vaz, Mario; Vilas-Boas, João PauloThe aims of this study were to test the effects of two pressure relief insoles developed for backpackers and obese people on the ground reaction forces (GRF) and plantar pressure peaks during gait; and to compare the GRF and plantar pressures among normal-weight, backpackers, and obese participants. Based on GRF, plantar pressures, and finite element analysis two insoles were manufactured: flat cork-based insole with (i) corkgel in the rearfoot and forefoot (SLS1) and with (ii) poron foam in the great toe and lateral forefoot (SLS2). Gait data were recorded from 21 normal-weight/backpackers and 10 obese participants. The SLS1 did not influence the GRF, but it relieved the pressure peaks for both backpackers and obese participants. In SLS2 the load acceptance GRF peak was lower; however, it did not reduce the plantar pressure peaks. The GRF and plantar pressure gait pattern were different among the normal-weight, backpackers and obese participants.
- The influence of differente speeds on backpacker's gait kinecticsPublication . Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi; Abreu, Sofia; Sousa, Helena; Figueiredo, Cristina; Machado, Leandro; Santos, Rubim; Vilas Boas, JoãoThis study analyzed the influence of different speeds on ground reaction force’s (GRF), impulses and mean vertical force during gait of people submitted to occasional overload (backpack). A force plate was used to record the GRF data of 60 young adult subjects walking in two different cadences: 69 steps/min (slow gait) and 120 steps/min (fast gait). During the slow gait, the impact and propulsive impulses of vertical GRF, propulsive impulse of anterior-posterior GRF, impulse of medial-lateral GRF and duration of stance phase were larger than during the fast gait; the mean vertical force was the only variable that showed larger values during fast gait. Therefore, slow gait may present a larger possibility of blister development and gait unbalance, while the fast gait, even presenting a small impulse, seems to be more harmful to the musculoskeletal system.