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Abstract(s)
Redes de Sensores sem Fios são dispositivos compostos de um conjunto de sensores e atuadores, que tem como objetivo observar fenômenos e enviar as informações aferidas à uma estação geograficamente distante para processamento, análise e armazenamento dos dados aferidos. O subsistema de alimentação é um limitante no projeto de uma rede de sensores sem fios. Esse trabalho é um relatório do estágio curricular realizado e tem como objetivo expor o estado da arte das três principais etapas de projeto do subsistema de alimentação de uma rede de sensoriamento com coleta solar, nomeadamente: aferição das disponibilidades energéticas, dimensionamento da capacidade nominal do banco de baterias e sistema de gestão adaptativo de bateria, visando compor um algoritmo para servir de diretriz no dimensionamento deste subsistema. A partir do estudo da bibliografia, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo que calcula a capacidade mínima de armazenamento do banco de baterias em função do arranjo solar escolhido, das características meteorológicas do sítio em estudo e da energia demandada pela rede de sensores sem fios. Além de dimensionar o armazenamento necessário para o banco de baterias, o algoritmo ainda simula o comportamento do estado de carga da bateria ao longo do tempo para as condições meteorológicas estabelecidas com e sem um sistema de gestão de baterias adaptativo e apresenta a dinâmica simulada do estado de carregamento da bateria no período em estudo por meio de gráficos. O algoritmo foi validado através de uma simulação em Matlab usando como base uma rede de sensores sem fios teórica. Para os dados de dimensionamento propostos e as condições energéticas sugeridas o sistema se manteve estável ao longo dos 10 anos simulados, sem a inserção do sistema de gestão. Após a adição de um algoritmo de gestão adaptativo, observou-se um aumento de mais de 30% da performance média do sistema, em troca de 309 dias com ciclo de trabalho de 0%, durante os 3.650 dias simulados.
Wireless Sensor Networks are devices composed of a set of sensors and actuators, that aim to analyze phenomena and send the measured information to a geographically distant station for processing, further analysis and storage of measured data. The power subsystem is a limiting factor in the design of a wireless sensor network. This work is a report of the activities carried out during an internship and aims to bring to light the state of the art of the three main design stages of the power subsystem of a sensing network with solar harvesting, aiming to compose an algorithm to serve as a guideline in the design of this subsystem. The aforementioned 3 main design stages are assessment of energy availability, dimensioning of the nominal capacity of batteries and battery management systems. From the study of bibliography, an algorithm was developed that calculates the minimum storage capacity of the battery bank based on the chosen solar arrangement, the meteorological characteristics of the site under study and the energy demanded by the wireless sensor network. In addition to dimensioning the storage required for the battery bank, the algorithm simulates the behavior of the battery’s state of charge over a period of time to the established weather conditions with and without an adaptive battery management system and presents the simulated dynamics of the state of charge in the proposed period by means of graphs. The algorithm was validated through a “Matlab” simulation based on a theoretical wireless sensor network. For the proposed design data and suggested energy conditions, the system remained stable for the 10 simulated years without the insertion of the adaptive management system based on the battery storage level. After the addition of the adaptive management system, there was an increase of more than 30% of the average performance of the process. Consequently, a 0% duty cycle for 309 days over the 3650 days simulated was observed.
Wireless Sensor Networks are devices composed of a set of sensors and actuators, that aim to analyze phenomena and send the measured information to a geographically distant station for processing, further analysis and storage of measured data. The power subsystem is a limiting factor in the design of a wireless sensor network. This work is a report of the activities carried out during an internship and aims to bring to light the state of the art of the three main design stages of the power subsystem of a sensing network with solar harvesting, aiming to compose an algorithm to serve as a guideline in the design of this subsystem. The aforementioned 3 main design stages are assessment of energy availability, dimensioning of the nominal capacity of batteries and battery management systems. From the study of bibliography, an algorithm was developed that calculates the minimum storage capacity of the battery bank based on the chosen solar arrangement, the meteorological characteristics of the site under study and the energy demanded by the wireless sensor network. In addition to dimensioning the storage required for the battery bank, the algorithm simulates the behavior of the battery’s state of charge over a period of time to the established weather conditions with and without an adaptive battery management system and presents the simulated dynamics of the state of charge in the proposed period by means of graphs. The algorithm was validated through a “Matlab” simulation based on a theoretical wireless sensor network. For the proposed design data and suggested energy conditions, the system remained stable for the 10 simulated years without the insertion of the adaptive management system based on the battery storage level. After the addition of the adaptive management system, there was an increase of more than 30% of the average performance of the process. Consequently, a 0% duty cycle for 309 days over the 3650 days simulated was observed.
Description
Keywords
Redes Algoritmo Sensores Alimentação Bateria Energia Gestão Simulação Networks Algorithm Sensors Power Battery Energy Management Simulation