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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Adding value to agro-industrial residues is becoming increasingly important, satisfying needs to promote resources’ use efficiency and a more sustainable and circular economy. This work performs a parametric and kinetic study of enzymatic esterification of lard and tallow with high acidity, obtained by the rendering of slaughter by-products, allowing their use as a feed ingredient and increasing their market value. After an initial analysis of potential enzyme candidates, a Candida antarctica lipase B was selected as a biocatalyst for converting free fatty acids (FFA) to esters, using excess ethanol as the reagent. Results show that the fat acidity can be reduced by at least 67% in up to 3 h of reaction time at 45 °C, using the mass ratios of 3.25 ethanol/FFA and 0.0060 enzyme/fat. Kinetic modelling shows an irreversible second-order rate law, function of FFA, and ethanol concentration better fitting the experimental results. Activation energy is 54.7 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor is 4.6 × 106 L mol−1 min−1
Description
Keywords
Animal fats Acidity reduction Circular economy Lipozyme CALB L Industrial conditions Reaction kinetics
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Martins AA, Andrade S, Correia D, Matos E, Caetano NS, Mata TM. Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues: Bioprocessing of Animal Fats to Reduce Their Acidity. Sustainability. 2021; 13(19):10837. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910837
Publisher
MDPI