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Modelos de Gestão de Energia com BESS: Análise da Viabilidade Operacional e Económica
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| 5.13 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho avalia a viabilidade técnica e económica da implementação de um sistema de armazenamento de energia com recurso a baterias, tendo como caso de estudo o Parque Eólico do Alto Minho – uma instalação de produção renovável em operação, sob gestão da empresa Finerge, no âmbito de uma colaboração estabelecida para este estudo.
A investigação fundamentou-se na análise de dados reais de produção do parque, complementados por dados meteorológicos para estimar períodos com registos em falta. Simultaneamente, foram incorporados dados do mercado elétrico nacional, de forma a refletir a dinâmica real dos preços e identificar oportunidades operacionais relevantes.
Com base na integração destas fontes, foram desenvolvidos modelos estratégicos de gestão de energia, que consideraram múltiplas configurações de baterias e diversos spreads mínimos, com o objetivo de identificar condições operacionais favoráveis. As estratégias analisadas incluíram o aproveitamento de energia excedente (curtailment), a arbitragem de preços no mercado diário e a prestação de serviços de sistema.
Do ponto de vista operacional, o modelo de gestão de energia multiestratégico – que integra todas as estratégias em análise – demonstrou uma clara superioridade face às abordagens baseadas em estratégias isoladas, alcançando lucros totais 547% superiores em relação ao modelo assente exclusivamente no aproveitamento de energia curtailed, 138% superiores face ao modelo baseado unicamente na arbitragem de energia, e 105% superiores relativamente ao modelo que combina curtailment e arbitragem. Estes resultados evidenciam não só a relevância da diversificação estratégica como elemento central para garantir a viabilidade do investimento, mas também o impacto positivo da integração da participação em serviços de sistema na estrutura operacional do modelo.
A análise económico-financeira realizada demonstrou que as baterias com uma duração de 2 horas apresentam o melhor desempenho económico entre as alternativas estudadas. Em particular, a configuração de 40 MWh / 20 MW destacou-se como a mais eficiente, registando taxas internas de retorno entre 10,8% e 13,2%, um período de retorno do investimento de aproximadamente sete anos e um custo nivelado de armazenamento na ordem dos 70 €/MWh. Estes resultados evidenciam um desempenho económico sólido e competitivo, reforçando o potencial destas soluções no contexto da transição energética e da integração de fontes renováveis no sistema elétrico.
Este estudo reforça a importância dos sistemas de armazenamento na transição energética, oferecendo base sólida para decisões em futuros investimentos no setor.
This study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of implementing an energy storage system using batteries, taking the Alto Minho Wind Farm as a case study – an operational renewable energy facility managed by Finerge, within the scope of a collaboration established for this research. The investigation was grounded in the analysis of real production data from the wind farm, complemented by meteorological data to estimate periods with missing records. Additionally, national electricity market data were incorporated to reflect real price dynamics and identify relevant operational opportunities. Based on the integration of these data sources, strategic energy management models were developed, considering multiple battery configurations and various minimum price spreads, with the aim of identifying favourable operational conditions. The analysed strategies included the use of curtailed energy, Day-Ahead market price arbitrage, and the provision of system services. From an operational standpoint, the multi-strategy energy management model – which integrates all the aforementioned strategies – demonstrated clear superiority over models based on isolated strategies. It achieved total profits 547% higher than the model based solely on curtailed energy usage, 138% higher than the pure arbitrage model, and 105% higher than the model combining curtailment and arbitrage. These results highlight not only the importance of strategic diversification as a key element for investment viability but also the positive impact of integrating system services into the model’s operational framework. The economic and financial analysis showed that batteries with a 2-hour duration offer the best economic performance among the alternatives studied. In particular, the 40 MWh / 20 MW configuration stood out as the most efficient, with internal rates of return between 10.8% and 13.2%, a payback period of approximately seven years, and a levelised cost of storage around €70/MWh. These results demonstrate solid and competitive economic performance, reinforcing the potential of such solutions in the context of the energy transition and the integration of renewable sources into the electricity system. This study thus reinforces the relevance of storage systems in the energy transition, providing a robust basis for informed decision-making in future investment projects within the sector.
This study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of implementing an energy storage system using batteries, taking the Alto Minho Wind Farm as a case study – an operational renewable energy facility managed by Finerge, within the scope of a collaboration established for this research. The investigation was grounded in the analysis of real production data from the wind farm, complemented by meteorological data to estimate periods with missing records. Additionally, national electricity market data were incorporated to reflect real price dynamics and identify relevant operational opportunities. Based on the integration of these data sources, strategic energy management models were developed, considering multiple battery configurations and various minimum price spreads, with the aim of identifying favourable operational conditions. The analysed strategies included the use of curtailed energy, Day-Ahead market price arbitrage, and the provision of system services. From an operational standpoint, the multi-strategy energy management model – which integrates all the aforementioned strategies – demonstrated clear superiority over models based on isolated strategies. It achieved total profits 547% higher than the model based solely on curtailed energy usage, 138% higher than the pure arbitrage model, and 105% higher than the model combining curtailment and arbitrage. These results highlight not only the importance of strategic diversification as a key element for investment viability but also the positive impact of integrating system services into the model’s operational framework. The economic and financial analysis showed that batteries with a 2-hour duration offer the best economic performance among the alternatives studied. In particular, the 40 MWh / 20 MW configuration stood out as the most efficient, with internal rates of return between 10.8% and 13.2%, a payback period of approximately seven years, and a levelised cost of storage around €70/MWh. These results demonstrate solid and competitive economic performance, reinforcing the potential of such solutions in the context of the energy transition and the integration of renewable sources into the electricity system. This study thus reinforces the relevance of storage systems in the energy transition, providing a robust basis for informed decision-making in future investment projects within the sector.
Description
Keywords
Ancillary Services Batteries Curtailment Energy Arbitrage Energy Management Energy Storage Arbitragem de energia Armazenamento de energia Baterias Gestão de energia Serviços de sistema