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Abstract(s)
Com a evolução tecnológica da indústria e a facilidade de criação de novos produtos com diferentes materiais, em conjunto com o crescimento da população mundial e o padrão de consumo adotado nas cidades de todo o mundo, a produção de resíduos tem aumentado exponencialmente ao longo dos anos. Assim, é necessário adaptar a evolução dos sistemas de recolha e tratamento de resíduos a formas de gestão mais sustentáveis. Existem várias alternativas de processos de recolha e consequente tratamento destes resíduos como, por exemplo, recolha seletiva de resíduos de embalagens plásticas e metálicas, vidro, papel e outros fluxos de resíduos valorizáveis em sistemas de recolha porta-a-porta, ecopontos, ecocentros, entre outros. Esta dissertação tem como foco a análise de um projeto de recolha seletiva porta-aporta apresentado como “Reciclar é Dar ”. A entidade responsável pela criação do projeto, gestão, valorização e tratamento dos resíduos é a LIPOR - Serviço Intermunicipalizado de Gestão de Resíduos do Grande Porto. Tendo como objetivo final uma análise do desempenho geral e a melhoria deste tipo de projetos, o trabalho proposto visa analisar os efeitos da implementação do projeto e das campanhas de sensibilização nos municípios que o integram, numa perspetiva comparativa entre os resultados antes e depois da implementação do sistema em 2018 e a sua expansão em 2019. Foram analisados: os totais rececionados pelos diferentes tipos de recolha, o aumento do peso das recolhas porta-a-porta – de forma generalizada e de seguida de forma especifica de cada município onde o projeto se encontra implementado; taxas de colocação dos dispositivos à recolha; taxas de capitação; a quantidade de energia desviada de valorização energética; o posicionamento nas metas definidas pela comunidade europeia e pela legislação nacional e ainda foi feita uma comparação a outros projetos de recolha seletiva de resíduos porta-a-porta. Conclui-se que este tipo de projetos aumenta consideravelmente a quantidade de resíduos separados na origem (domésticos), quando comparado a outro tipo de recolhas, tornando o processo de reciclagem multimaterial muito mais eficaz, principalmente quando analisados os quantitativos por taxas de capitação, onde se pode verificar resultados bastante mais positivos no projeto do que nos restantes tipos de recolha.
With the technological evolution of the industry and the ease of creating new products with different materials, together with the growth of the world population and the consumption pattern adopted in cities around the world, the production of waste has increased exponentially over the years. Thus, it is necessary to adapt the evolution of waste collection and treatment systems to more sustainable processes. There are several alternatives for collection processes and the consequent treatment of these residues, such as, for example, selective collection of plastic and metallic packaging, glass, paper and other waste streams that can be recovered in door-to-door collection systems, waste bins, waste collection centers, among others. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of a door-to-door selective collection project presented as “Reciclar é Dar ”. The entity responsible for the creation of the project, management, recovery and treatment of waste is LIPOR - Serviço Intermunicipalizado de Gestão de Resíduos do Grande Porto. With the objective of an analysis of the general performance and the improvement of this type of projects, the proposed work aims to analyze the effects of the implementation of the project and awareness campaigns in the municipalities that integrate it, in a comparative perspective between the results before and after the implementation of the system in 2018 and its expansion in 2019. The following were analyzed: the totals received by the different types of collection, the increase of door-to-door collections - in a generalized way and then specifically for each municipality where the project is implemented; rates of devices placed to collection; capitation rates; the amount of energy diverted from energy recovery; positioning on the goals defined by the European community and national legislation and even a comparison with other door-to-door waste collection projects. It is concluded that this type of projects considerably increases the amount of waste separated at source (domestic), when compared to other types of collection, making the multi-material recycling process much more effective, especially when analyzing the quantities by capitation rates, where positive results can be seen in the project, especially compared to other types of collection.
With the technological evolution of the industry and the ease of creating new products with different materials, together with the growth of the world population and the consumption pattern adopted in cities around the world, the production of waste has increased exponentially over the years. Thus, it is necessary to adapt the evolution of waste collection and treatment systems to more sustainable processes. There are several alternatives for collection processes and the consequent treatment of these residues, such as, for example, selective collection of plastic and metallic packaging, glass, paper and other waste streams that can be recovered in door-to-door collection systems, waste bins, waste collection centers, among others. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of a door-to-door selective collection project presented as “Reciclar é Dar ”. The entity responsible for the creation of the project, management, recovery and treatment of waste is LIPOR - Serviço Intermunicipalizado de Gestão de Resíduos do Grande Porto. With the objective of an analysis of the general performance and the improvement of this type of projects, the proposed work aims to analyze the effects of the implementation of the project and awareness campaigns in the municipalities that integrate it, in a comparative perspective between the results before and after the implementation of the system in 2018 and its expansion in 2019. The following were analyzed: the totals received by the different types of collection, the increase of door-to-door collections - in a generalized way and then specifically for each municipality where the project is implemented; rates of devices placed to collection; capitation rates; the amount of energy diverted from energy recovery; positioning on the goals defined by the European community and national legislation and even a comparison with other door-to-door waste collection projects. It is concluded that this type of projects considerably increases the amount of waste separated at source (domestic), when compared to other types of collection, making the multi-material recycling process much more effective, especially when analyzing the quantities by capitation rates, where positive results can be seen in the project, especially compared to other types of collection.
Description
Keywords
Análise de Projeto Campanhas de Sensibilização Gestão de Resíduos Porta-a-Porta Recolha Seletiva Resíduos Taxas de Capitação Valorização energética Valorização multimaterial Valorização orgânica Awareness Campaigns Door to door Capitation Rates Energy recovery Multimaterial recovery Organic recovery Project Analysis Residues Separate Collection Waste Management