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Revisão e comparação dos modelos de planeamento da gestão da produção
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente as empresas deparam-se com o problema de como aumentar a eficiência
do sistema produtivo enquanto mitigam desperdícios e perdas. Para isso torna-se
essencial definir qual o modelo de planeamento e controlo da produção a adotar para
cada tipo de contexto produtivo uma vez que estes assumem um papel fundamental
no equilíbrio da capacidade produtiva com a procura do mercado.
Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar o estudo
exaustivo dos modelos de planeamento e controlo da produção com o intuito de
responder às seguintes questões: Quais os modelos de planeamento e controlo da
produção referenciados na literatura e o seu funcionamento? Os modelos de planeamento
e controlo da produção têm diferentes enquadramentos no sistema produtivo?
Que combinações de modelos (modelos mistos) já foram estudadas (implementadas
ou simuladas) e comparadas?
Após a revisão de literatura verificou-se que, os modelos de planeamento e controlo
da produção mais estudados estão divididos segundo as suas abordagens, sendo
considerados convencionais (push ou pull), como é o caso do MRP/MRPII, Modelos
de Reposição de Stock, Kanban, CONWIP, DBR/OPT, ou híbridos, isto é, DDMRP,
POLCA, WLC e COBACABANA, que serão analisados em detalhe.
Tendo em conta esta análise, propôs-se uma framework aplicada aos modelos
estudados e seguindo dimensões de classificação definidas com o intuito de auxiliar na
comparação e na escolha adequada do modelo tendo em conta o contexto produtivo
em causa e as suas necessidades.
Assim, após o estudo dos diversos modelos foram identificadas as combinações
de modelos que já tivessem sido implementadas, a partir de simulações, casos de
estudo ou casos reais não documentados, como é o caso do Synchro MRP, Kanban
com CONWIP (Hybrid Kanban/CONWIP), DBR/OPT com MRP, COBACABANA
com POLCA e o DDMRP com o CONWIP, analisando as vantagens que
resultam de cada combinação.
Companies are currently faced with the problem of how to increase the efficiency of the production system while mitigating waste and losses. To this end, it is essential to define the production planning and control model to be adopted for each type of production context, since they play a fundamental role in balancing production capacity with market demand. With this in mind, the aim of this dissertation is to present an exhaustive study of production planning and control models in order to answer the following questions: Which production planning and control models are referenced in the literature and how do they work? Do production planning and control models have different frameworks in the production system? What combinations of models (mixed models) have already been studied (implemented or simulated) and compared? After reviewing the literature, it was found that the most studied production planning and control models are divided according to their approaches, being considered conventional (push or pull), such as MRP/MRPII, Stock Replenishment Models, Kanban, CONWIP, DBR/OPT, or hybrid, i.e. DDMRP, POLCA, WLC and COBACABANA, which will be analyzed in detail. Taking this analysis into account, a framework was proposed, applied to the models studied and following defined classification dimensions in order to help with the comparison and the appropriate choice of model, taking into account the production context in question and its needs. Thus, after studying the various models, combinations of models that had already been implemented were identified, based on simulations, case studies or undocumented real cases, such as Synchro MRP, Kanban with CONWIP (Hybrid Kanban/- CONWIP), DBR/OPT with MRP, COBACABANA with POLCA and DDMRP with CONWIP, analyzing the advantages that result from each combination.
Companies are currently faced with the problem of how to increase the efficiency of the production system while mitigating waste and losses. To this end, it is essential to define the production planning and control model to be adopted for each type of production context, since they play a fundamental role in balancing production capacity with market demand. With this in mind, the aim of this dissertation is to present an exhaustive study of production planning and control models in order to answer the following questions: Which production planning and control models are referenced in the literature and how do they work? Do production planning and control models have different frameworks in the production system? What combinations of models (mixed models) have already been studied (implemented or simulated) and compared? After reviewing the literature, it was found that the most studied production planning and control models are divided according to their approaches, being considered conventional (push or pull), such as MRP/MRPII, Stock Replenishment Models, Kanban, CONWIP, DBR/OPT, or hybrid, i.e. DDMRP, POLCA, WLC and COBACABANA, which will be analyzed in detail. Taking this analysis into account, a framework was proposed, applied to the models studied and following defined classification dimensions in order to help with the comparison and the appropriate choice of model, taking into account the production context in question and its needs. Thus, after studying the various models, combinations of models that had already been implemented were identified, based on simulations, case studies or undocumented real cases, such as Synchro MRP, Kanban with CONWIP (Hybrid Kanban/- CONWIP), DBR/OPT with MRP, COBACABANA with POLCA and DDMRP with CONWIP, analyzing the advantages that result from each combination.
Description
Keywords
Production planning production control push approach pull approach mixed models framework efficiency Planeamento da produção Controlo da produção Abordagem push Abordagem pull Modelos mistos Eficiência
Pedagogical Context
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