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Desenvolvimento de projeto de unidade de produção para autoconsumo na empresa IEOL, Lda.
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| 12.8 MB | Adobe PDF |
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A crescente pressão global para a descarbonização e a redução da dependência de combustíveis fósseis tem impulsionado a adoção de energias renováveis, em particular a energia solar fotovoltaica, cuja relevância no panorama energético português assume especial destaque devido ao elevado potencial solar do território e ao quadro legislativo favorável ao autoconsumo. Neste enquadramento, a presente dissertação centra-se no desenvolvimento de um projeto de uma unidade de produção para autoconsumo nas instalações da empresa IEOL, Lda., constituindo uma aplicação prática dos conhecimentos adquiridos no Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica – Sistemas Elétricos de Energia, no Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. A dissertação inicia-se com uma revisão do estado da arte, abordando o panorama global e nacional da energia fotovoltaica, os fundamentos físicos da radiação solar, os principais equipamentos que compõe um sistema fotovoltaico e as diferentes tipologias de ligação à rede, complementados pelo enquadramento legal que regula o autoconsumo em Portugal. Posteriormente é apresentada uma metodologia para projetos de sistemas fotovoltaicos ligados à rede, englobando a análise do local de instalação, a caracterização detalhada do perfil de consumo, a seleção e compatibilização de equipamentos, o dimensionamento de cablagens e sistemas de proteção, bem como a utilização de ferramentas de simulação, em particular o software PVSyst, que possibilitou a estimativa da produção expectável e a otimização do desempenho do sistema. O caso de estudo apresentado materializa esta metodologia, analisando os consumos energéticos do edifício, avaliando os recursos solares disponíveis e propondo a solução técnica mais adequada às necessidades da empresa. A análise económico-financeira, assente em indicadores como o Valor Atual Líquido, a Taxa Interna de Retorno e o Retorno do Investimento,
confirmou a viabilidade da instalação, revelando o potencial do sistema para reduzir significativamente a fatura de energia, melhorar a sustentabilidade operacional e constituir um modelo replicável para projetos futuros da empresa no âmbito profissional. A presente dissertação comprova que os sistemas fotovoltaicos de autoconsumo podem constituir uma solução técnica e economicamente vantajosa para o setor empresarial, permitindo simultaneamente ganhos de eficiência e contributos relevantes para a sustentabilidade ambiental. Através da integração entre teoria, enquadramento legal e aplicação prática, evidencia-se o papel do engenheiro eletrotécnico na conceção e implementação de sistemas fotovoltaicos.
The growing global pressure for decarbonization and reduced dependence on fossil fuels has driven the adoption of renewable energies, particularly solar photovoltaic energy, whose relevance in the Portuguese energy landscape is particularly noteworthy due to the country's high solar potential and favorable legislative framework for self-consumption. In this context, this dissertation focuses on the development of a project for a self-consumption production unit at the facilities of IEOL, Lda., constituting a practical application of the knowledge acquired in the Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering - Electrical Energy Systems, at the Higher Institute of Engineering of Porto. The dissertation begins with a review of the state of the art, addressing the global and national panorama of photovoltaic energy, the physical fundamentals of solar radiation, the main equipment that comprises a photovoltaic system, and the different types of grid connection, complemented by the legal framework that regulates self-consumption in Portugal. Subsequently, a methodology for grid-connected photovoltaic system projects is presented, encompassing the analysis of the installation site, the detailed characterization of the consumption profile, the selection and compatibility of equipment, the sizing of cabling and protection systems, as well as the use of simulation tools, in particular the PVSyst software, which enabled the estimation of expected production and the optimization of system performance. The case study presented embodies this methodology, analyzing the building's energy consumption, assessing the available solar resources, and proposing the technical solution best suited to the company's needs. The economic and financial analysis, based on indicators such as Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Return on Investment, confirmed the feasibility of the installation, revealing the system's potential to significantly reduce energy bills, improve operational sustainability, and constitute a replicable model for the company's future professional projects. This dissertation proves that self-consumption photovoltaic systems can be a technically and economically advantageous solution for the business sector, simultaneously enabling efficiency gains and significant contributions to environmental sustainability. Through the integration of theory, legal framework, and practical application, the role of the electrical engineer in the design and implementation of photovoltaic systems is highlighted.
The growing global pressure for decarbonization and reduced dependence on fossil fuels has driven the adoption of renewable energies, particularly solar photovoltaic energy, whose relevance in the Portuguese energy landscape is particularly noteworthy due to the country's high solar potential and favorable legislative framework for self-consumption. In this context, this dissertation focuses on the development of a project for a self-consumption production unit at the facilities of IEOL, Lda., constituting a practical application of the knowledge acquired in the Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering - Electrical Energy Systems, at the Higher Institute of Engineering of Porto. The dissertation begins with a review of the state of the art, addressing the global and national panorama of photovoltaic energy, the physical fundamentals of solar radiation, the main equipment that comprises a photovoltaic system, and the different types of grid connection, complemented by the legal framework that regulates self-consumption in Portugal. Subsequently, a methodology for grid-connected photovoltaic system projects is presented, encompassing the analysis of the installation site, the detailed characterization of the consumption profile, the selection and compatibility of equipment, the sizing of cabling and protection systems, as well as the use of simulation tools, in particular the PVSyst software, which enabled the estimation of expected production and the optimization of system performance. The case study presented embodies this methodology, analyzing the building's energy consumption, assessing the available solar resources, and proposing the technical solution best suited to the company's needs. The economic and financial analysis, based on indicators such as Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Return on Investment, confirmed the feasibility of the installation, revealing the system's potential to significantly reduce energy bills, improve operational sustainability, and constitute a replicable model for the company's future professional projects. This dissertation proves that self-consumption photovoltaic systems can be a technically and economically advantageous solution for the business sector, simultaneously enabling efficiency gains and significant contributions to environmental sustainability. Through the integration of theory, legal framework, and practical application, the role of the electrical engineer in the design and implementation of photovoltaic systems is highlighted.
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Keywords
Photovoltaic Sizing Self-Consumption Solar Energy Renewable Energy Photovoltaic System Dimensionamento fotovoltaico Sistema fotovoltaico Autoconsumo Energia solar Energia renovável
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