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Existem zonas áridas onde não existe água potável, mas onde há grande insolação. É possível a partir da água salgada, que é imprópria para consumir, produzir água por dessalinização utilizando a energia solar térmica. Existem vários métodos de fazer a dessalinização, mas o mais em conta consiste em utilizar a energia solar num destilador, pois esta energia é abundante e de custo inferior à eletricidade. Usou-se um modelo matemático da dessalinização no destilador solar, que se aplicou em 16 localidades do Mediterrâneo e norte de África, de modo a determinar a produtividade e viabilidade económica da dessalinização por via solar. Dentre os locais estudados, verificou-se que a produção de água varia entre 387 l/(m2 .ano) para Évora e 667 l/(m2 .ano) para Dikhill, e o rendimento do destilador solar entre 11,5%, para Évora, e 15% para Dikhill. Analisou-se a viabilidade do destilador solar. Concluiu-se que é um investimento que não é rentável, de modo que deve ser usado só em regiões onde não existam alternativas, devido à pobreza e à falta de gente qualificada.
There are arid areas where there is no drinking water, but where there is a lot of sunlight. It is possible from salt water, which is unfit to consume, to produce water by desalination using solar thermal energy. There are several methods of desalination, but the most important thing is to use solar energy in a distiller, as this energy is abundant and has a lower cost than electricity. A mathematical model of desalination was used in the solar distiller, which was applied in 16 locations in the Mediterranean and North Africa, in order to determine the productivity and economic viability of solar desalination. Among the studied sites, it was found that water production varies between 387 l / (m2.year) for Évora and 667 l / (m2.year) for Dikhill, and the solar distiller yield between 11.5%, for Évora, and 15% for Dikhill. The viability of the solar still was analyzed. It was concluded that it is an investment that is not profitable, so it should be used only in regions where there are no alternatives, due to poverty and the lack of qualified people.
There are arid areas where there is no drinking water, but where there is a lot of sunlight. It is possible from salt water, which is unfit to consume, to produce water by desalination using solar thermal energy. There are several methods of desalination, but the most important thing is to use solar energy in a distiller, as this energy is abundant and has a lower cost than electricity. A mathematical model of desalination was used in the solar distiller, which was applied in 16 locations in the Mediterranean and North Africa, in order to determine the productivity and economic viability of solar desalination. Among the studied sites, it was found that water production varies between 387 l / (m2.year) for Évora and 667 l / (m2.year) for Dikhill, and the solar distiller yield between 11.5%, for Évora, and 15% for Dikhill. The viability of the solar still was analyzed. It was concluded that it is an investment that is not profitable, so it should be used only in regions where there are no alternatives, due to poverty and the lack of qualified people.
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Palavras-chave
Dessalinização Energia Solar Água Doce Zonas Áridas Desalination Solar Energy Freshwater Arid Zones