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Valorização energética em ETARs de matadouros para produção de energia elétrica
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Abstract(s)
Os matadouros constituem-se como infraestruturas incontornáveis na sociedade moderna, uma vez que são locais onde o processo de abate de animais cumpre as atuais diretrizes em vigor. Desse processo resulta, positivamente, uma diversidade de produtos que são comercializados, dos quais se destaca a carne, para consumo público. Contudo, paralelamente a esse processo originam-se um conjunto de resíduos, altamente impactantes para o meio ambiente, situação que impõe a utilização de ETARs especialmente dedicadas. Dessa forma, é vantajoso que neste tipo de ETAR ocorra um conjunto de processos positivos dos quais se destaca o tratamento dos resíduos, que se traduz na diminuição do impacto ambiental, bem como na transformação desses resíduos em recursos valorizáveis, através da valorização das lamas produzidas, da produção de biogás e da sua conversão em energia elétrica, complementada por sistemas fotovoltaicos, como melhoria em termos de eficiência energética. O presente trabalho endereçou exatamente esses objetivos, apresentando um caso de estudo envolvendo seis instalações, no qual se explorou o potencial de produção de energia a partir do biogás gerado na ETAR de matadouro, através de tecnologias como motores de combustão interna, microturbinas e células a combustível, assim como a aplicação de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Por forma a avaliar a eficiência energética das infraestruturas, foi efetuada a análise através da metodologia Enerwater e indicadores de benchmarking. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as ETARs de matadouros desempenharam um papel
fundamental na redução do impacto ambiental resultante do processo de abate, sendo capazes de transformar resíduos em recursos úteis. Verificou-se que a valorização energética dos resíduos, sobretudo por via da produção de biogás e da sua conversão em energia elétrica, aumentou a eficiência energética das instalações, especialmente quando combinada com sistemas fotovoltaicos. A aplicação da metodologia Enerwater evidenciou oportunidades de melhoria e confirmou o potencial de otimização do desempenho energético. Concluiu-se, assim, que a valorização dos resíduos de matadouros constituiu uma solução viável e sustentável,
promovendo uma gestão mais eficiente e alinhada com os princípios da economia circular.
Slaughterhouses are indispensable infrastructures in modern society, as they are the locations where the animal slaughtering process complies with current regulations. This process yields a variety of marketable products, most notably meat for public consumption. However, it also generates significant waste with a high environmental impact, which necessitates the use of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) specifically designed for this purpose. Consequently, it is advantageous for such WWTPs to implement a set of processes aimed at reducing the environmental impact of waste, while also transforming these wastes into valuable resources through sludge valorization, biogas production, and its conversion into electrical energy, complemented by photovoltaic systems to improve energy efficiency. The present study addressed these objectives by developing a case study involving six facilities, in which the potential for energy production from biogas generated in slaughterhouse WWTPs was explored using technologies such as internal combustion engines, microturbines and fuel cells, together with the application of photovoltaic systems. In order to assess the energy efficiency of the infrastructures, an analysis was carried out using the Enerwater methodology and benchmarking indicators. The results obtained demonstrated that slaughterhouse WWTPs played a fundamental role in reducing the environmental impact associated with the slaughtering process, being capable of transforming waste into useful resources. It was found that the energy recovery of waste, particularly through biogas production and its conversion into electricity, increased the energy efficiency of the facilities, especially when combined with photovoltaic systems. The application of the Enerwater methodology revealed opportunities for improvement and confirmed the potential for optimizing energy performance. It was therefore concluded that the valorization of slaughterhouse waste constitutes a viable and sustainable solution, promoting more efficient management aligned with the principles of the circular economy.
Slaughterhouses are indispensable infrastructures in modern society, as they are the locations where the animal slaughtering process complies with current regulations. This process yields a variety of marketable products, most notably meat for public consumption. However, it also generates significant waste with a high environmental impact, which necessitates the use of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) specifically designed for this purpose. Consequently, it is advantageous for such WWTPs to implement a set of processes aimed at reducing the environmental impact of waste, while also transforming these wastes into valuable resources through sludge valorization, biogas production, and its conversion into electrical energy, complemented by photovoltaic systems to improve energy efficiency. The present study addressed these objectives by developing a case study involving six facilities, in which the potential for energy production from biogas generated in slaughterhouse WWTPs was explored using technologies such as internal combustion engines, microturbines and fuel cells, together with the application of photovoltaic systems. In order to assess the energy efficiency of the infrastructures, an analysis was carried out using the Enerwater methodology and benchmarking indicators. The results obtained demonstrated that slaughterhouse WWTPs played a fundamental role in reducing the environmental impact associated with the slaughtering process, being capable of transforming waste into useful resources. It was found that the energy recovery of waste, particularly through biogas production and its conversion into electricity, increased the energy efficiency of the facilities, especially when combined with photovoltaic systems. The application of the Enerwater methodology revealed opportunities for improvement and confirmed the potential for optimizing energy performance. It was therefore concluded that the valorization of slaughterhouse waste constitutes a viable and sustainable solution, promoting more efficient management aligned with the principles of the circular economy.
Description
Keywords
Wastewater Treatment Plants Slaughterhouse Energy Efficiency Enerwater Energy and Electricity Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais Matadouro Eficiência energética Energia e eletricidade